利用CFD-DEM耦合的水射流清洗猪粪过程数值模拟与验证

    Numerical simulation and validation of water jet cleaning of pig manure using CFD-DEM coupling

    • 摘要: 为探究水射流清洗猪粪的过程和效果,利用计算流体力学和离散元法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合对水射流清洗猪粪过程进行数值模拟与验证。结果表明:1)水射流清洗猪粪过程分为三个阶段:自由射流清洗、淹没射流清洗、冲击强化,水射流到达猪粪层表面后0.45 s内清洗效率最高;2)在同结构参数和工作压力下,锥形喷嘴清洗效果优于直锥形喷嘴,连续清洗0.45 s作用时长锥形喷嘴清洗量比直锥形喷嘴高约0.83%;3)锥形喷嘴最大水平清洗移速与清洗目标深度、工作压力负相关,与喷嘴出口直径无明显关系,其中清洗目标深度影响最大。该研究提出了60%含水率的猪粪颗粒粗粒建模方法,并通过清洗试验验证了耦合仿真的有效性,研究结果可为畜禽粪污清洗装备的设计与优化提供理论参考。

       

      Abstract: Pork is the second most consumed meat in the world. The scale and intensification of pig farming have been ever-increasing in recent years. It is required for the continuous development of Precision Livestock Farming technologies. Cleaning inside the house is one of the most important parts of precision pig farming. Among them, the water jet cleaning pig manure is assumed as a two-phase flow of water-pig manure particles. This study aims to investigate the process and effect of water jet cleaning pig manure. Numerical simulations were conducted to simulate the two-phase interaction between the water jet and pig manure using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM). Firstly, the water jet flow field model was established to complete the flow net independence verification for the grid partitioning using Fluent software. Then, the pig manure particle model was constructed using Rocky. The relative error between the simulation and the actual measurement was 1.78%, indicating the reliability of the pig manure physical properties parameters and the pig manure simulation model. A linear adhesion model was introduced to optimize the pig manure model using coarse-grained modeling. The total number of particles was also reduced for the less computational complexity during simulation. Finally, fluid-solid coupling experiments were conducted using Fluent-Rocky DEM. The experiments were carried out to simulate the vertical impact cleaning of a pig manure layer at a distance of 300mm from the nozzle outlet using a water jet. The results showed that: 1) The process of water jet cleaning pig manure was divided into three stages: free jet cleaning, submerged jet cleaning, and impact strengthening. The water jet flew from the nozzle inlet and stabilized on the surface of the pig manure layer after approximately 0.3 s. As the cleaning time increased, the pig manure layer showed bowl-shaped pits with a central peak forming at the center of the pit. 2) The highest cleaning efficiency occurred within 0.45 s after the continuous water jet reached the surface of the pig manure layer. A conical nozzle performed better cleaning depth and cleaning efficiency than a straight one under the same structural parameters and operating pressure. The cleaning amount of the conical nozzle increased by about 0.83% at a continuous cleaning time of 0.45 s, compared with the straight one. 3) The maximum horizontal velocity of the conical nozzle was obtained at the target cleaning depths of 10 and 30mm. The maximum cleaning speed was negatively correlated with the cleaning target depth and working pressure, whereas, there was no significant relationship with the nozzle outlet diameter. There was the greatest impact on the depth of the cleaning target. The larger the nozzle outlet diameter and working pressure were, the larger the cleaning width and the larger the cleaning area were within the same time. A coarse-grained model was used to simulate the granulation of pig manure particles. A summary was made on the correlation between the CGM values and the mechanical parameters of pig manure particles. The efficiency of CFD-DEM coupled simulation was improved for the water jet cleaning of pig manure. The effectiveness of the simulation was verified to test the cleaning effect of the nozzle using the cleaning test platform. The research results can provide valuable information and theoretical references for the design and optimization of cleaning equipment for livestock and poultry manure.

       

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