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稻麦油兼用高速气送集排器螺旋斜置式搅种装置研制

李晓冉, 廖庆喜, 廖宜涛, 王磊, 邓承诺, 霍佳琪

李晓冉,廖庆喜,廖宜涛,等. 稻麦油兼用高速气送集排器螺旋斜置式搅种装置研制[J]. 农业工程学报,2024,40(4):51-61. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202311088
引用本文: 李晓冉,廖庆喜,廖宜涛,等. 稻麦油兼用高速气送集排器螺旋斜置式搅种装置研制[J]. 农业工程学报,2024,40(4):51-61. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202311088
LI Xiaoran, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao, et al. Development of the spiral-inclined seed stirring equipment in high-speed air-assisted centralized metering for rice, wheat, and rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(4): 51-61. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202311088
Citation: LI Xiaoran, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao, et al. Development of the spiral-inclined seed stirring equipment in high-speed air-assisted centralized metering for rice, wheat, and rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(4): 51-61. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202311088

稻麦油兼用高速气送集排器螺旋斜置式搅种装置研制

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000400)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李晓冉,博士生,研究方向为稻麦油兼用播种技术与装备。Email:lixiaoran@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    廖庆喜,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为油菜机械化生产技术与装备。Email:liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S223.2+3

Development of the spiral-inclined seed stirring equipment in high-speed air-assisted centralized metering for rice, wheat, and rapeseed

  • 摘要:

    针对稻麦油兼用气送式集排器高速作业时搅种装置易伤种、影响排种稳定性等问题,该研究设计了一种螺旋斜置式柔性搅种装置。基于Hertz接触理论分析确定了搅种装置影响种子破损的主要因素为搅种棒材质、顶端结构及搅种转速。通过EDEM仿真试验对比分析了梯形和圆弧形搅种棒与种群接触力随时间的变化趋势,明确了搅种棒安装方式对供种性能的影响,结果表明,圆弧形搅种棒与种群接触的切向力和法向力均小于梯形搅种棒,搅种棒倾斜角度为45°时供种稳定性较优。开展台架单因素试验确定了性能较优的搅种转速比范围,结果表明,水稻和小麦种子在搅种转速比范围1.0~2.0 内性能较优,油菜种子在搅种转速比范围0.5~1.5内性能较优。开展三因素三水平二次旋转正交组合试验,构建了稻麦油种子破损率、供种速率及其稳定性变异系数的回归模型,明确了作业速度在10~14 km/h范围内搅种转速的较优匹配关系并进行田间验证试验。田间验证试验结果表明,当作业速度为12 km/h,在较优参数组合下,稻麦油总排量稳定性变异系数分别为1.92%、1.27%和1.14%,1 m2内成苗总株数变异系数分别为15.47%、12.98%和17.93%,符合稻麦油兼用高速作业标准要求。研究结果可为稻麦油兼用型排种器实现高速低损播种作业的参数设置提供依据。

    Abstract:

    Air-assisted centralized metering can be operated at high speed for rice, wheat, and rapeseed. However, the seed stirring device is prone to damage the seeds, leading to the low stability of discharge quantity. In this study, a spiral-inclined flexible seed-stirring device was designed for high-speed, air-assisted, and centralized metering. The influencing factors on the seed damage were determined using Hertz contact theory, including the material properties of the seed stirring rod, the top structure, and the stirring speed. A comparison was made on the variation in the top structure of the seed stirring rod and the contact force of the population over time using EDEM simulation. A systematic investigation was also implemented to clarify the impact of the seed stirring rod on the seed supply. The test results show that the tangential and normal forces of the arc-shaped seed stirring rod in contact with the population were smaller than the trapezoidal seed stirring rod. There was better stability of seed supply when the inclination angle of the seed stirring rod was 45°. A single-factor test was conducted on a bench to determine the optimal range of seed stirring speed ratio. The results showed that the rice and wheat seeds performed better within the range of 1-2 seed stirring speed ratios, while the rapeseed seeds were in the range of 0.5-1.5 seed stirring speed ratios. A three-factor, three-level, and quadratic rotation orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the influencing factors. A regression model was then established for the damage rate, seed supply rate, and stability coefficient of variation of rice, wheat, and rapeseed. There was an optimal matching relationship between the stirring speed and the operating speed within the range of 10-14 km/h. Field experiments were also conducted to verify the simulation. It was found that the stability coefficients of the variation in the total displacement of rice, wheat, and rapeseed were 1.92%, 1.27%, and 1.14%, respectively, under the optimal combination of parameters, when the operating speed was 12 km/h. The coefficients of variation in the total number of seedlings within 1 m2 were 15.47%, 12.98%, and 17.93%, respectively, which fully met the requirements of the standard for the high-speed seeding. The finding can provide a strong reference to achieve high-speed and low-loss seeding in the parameter selection of high-speed, air-assisted, and centralized metering devices for rice, wheat, and rapeseed.

  • 图  1   稻麦油兼用高速气送集排系统结构示意图

    Figure  1.   Schematic diagram of air-assisted centralized seeding system for rice,wheat and rapeseed

    图  2   供种装置结构示意图

    1.种箱 2.外壳 3.动力源 4.同步带组 5.卸种手柄 6.搅种装置 7.供种机构 8.充种位置调节板 9.种层调节板

    Figure  2.   Schematic diagram of seed supply device

    1.Seed box 2.Shell 3.Power source 4. Synchronous belt group 5.Seed unloading handle 6.Seed stirring device 7.Seed supply mechanism 8.Seed filling position adjusting plate 9.Seed layer adjusting plate

    图  3   螺旋斜置式搅种装置结构示意图

    Figure  3.   Schematic diagram of spiral inclined seed stirring device

    图  4   搅种棒与种子接触过程示意图

    注:P为搅种棒与种子接触力,N;δ为种子形变量,mm;L为种子长度,mm;B为种子宽度,mm;H为种子高度,mm。

    Figure  4.   Schematic diagram of contact process between seed and seed stirring rod

    Note: P is contact force between stirring rod and seed, N; δ is shape variable of seed, mm; L is seed length, mm; B is seed width, mm; H is seed height, mm.

    图  5   搅种棒结构及材质剖面示意图

    注:l为搅种棒长度,mm;d为搅种棒直径,mm;H1为搅种棒顶端高度,mm;R为圆弧半径,mm;α为侧面与底面夹角,(°)。

    Figure  5.   Schematic diagram of structure and material profile of seed stirring rod

    Note: l is length of seed stirring rod, mm; d is diameter of seed stirring rod, mm; H1 is height of stirring rod top, mm; R is radius of arc, mm; α is angle between side and bottom, (°)

    图  6   搅种装置扰动范围示意图

    1.单组搅种棒 2.垂直安装种子强制扰动层 3.垂直安装种子拖带层 4.斜置安装种子强制扰动层 5.斜置安装种子拖带层

    Figure  6.   Schematic diagram of disturbance range of seed stirring device

    1. Single group of seed stirring rod 2. Seed forced disturbance layer of vertical installation 3. Seed drag layer of vertical installation 4. Seed forced disturbance layer of incline installation 5. Seed drag layer of incline installation

    图  7   搅种棒斜置安装示意图

    Figure  7.   Schematic diagram of seed stirring rod inclined installation

    图  8   搅种棒螺旋排布展开示意图

    Figure  8.   Schematic diagram of spiral arrangement and unfolding of seed stirring rods

    图  9   EDEM仿真模型

    Figure  9.   EDEM simulation model

    图  10   搅种装置与种群接触力随时间变化趋势

    Figure  10.   Trend of contact force between seed stirring device and population over time

    图  11   搅种棒不同安装方式下充种性能对比

    Figure  11.   Comparison of seed filling performance under different installation methods of seed stirring rods

    图  12   搅种性能试验台

    Figure  12.   Seed stirring performance test bench

    图  13   搅种转速单因素试验结果

    Figure  13.   Single factor test results of seed stirring speed

    图  14   田间试验及成苗情况

    Figure  14.   Field experiment and seedling status

    表  1   仿真颗粒与接触材料特性参数

    Table  1   Characteristic parameters

    项目
    Items
    密度Density/
    (kg·m−3)
    泊松比
    Poisson’s ratio
    剪切模量
    Shear modulus/Pa
    水稻Rice 1125 0.30 1.01×108
    小麦Wheat 1350 0.42 5.1×107
    铝合金
    Alumunum alloy
    2700 0.3 2.7×1010
    聚氨酯橡胶
    Polyurethane
    1072 0.3 5.9×108
    ABS 1060 0.394 8.96×108
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   仿真模型接触参数

    Table  2   Contact parameters between seed particles and simulation model

    参数Parameters 水稻Rice 小麦Wheat
    种子-种子
    Seed-seed
    碰撞恢复系数
    静摩擦系数
    动摩擦系数
    0.50
    0.50
    0.01
    0.42
    0.35
    0.05
    种子-铝合金
    Seed-alumunum alloy
    碰撞恢复系数
    静摩擦系数
    动摩擦系数
    0.58
    0.43
    0.01
    0.5
    0.4
    0.05
    种子-ABS
    Seed-ABS
    碰撞恢复系数
    静摩擦系数
    动摩擦系数
    0.45
    0.57
    0.01
    0.6
    0.4
    0.05
    种子-橡胶
    Seed-polyurethane
    碰撞恢复系数
    静摩擦系数
    动摩擦系数
    0.50 0.42
    0.50 0.50
    0.01 0.14
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   因素编码

    Table  3   Factors and coding of experiment

    作物
    Crops
    水平
    Levels
    型孔轮个数
    Number of
    type hole
    wheels A
    供种转速
    Rotational
    speed B/
    (r·min−1)
    转速比
    Speed ratio C/
    (r·min−1)
    水稻Rice −1 2 30 1.0
    0 4 40 1.5
    1 6 50 2.0
    小麦Wheat −1 4 40 1.0
    0 6 50 1.5
    1 8 60 2.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   试验方案与结果

    Table  4   Test design scheme and results

    项目
    Item
    试验编号
    Test No.
    因素
    Factor
    评价指标
    Evaluating indicator
    A B C mv/(g·min−1) CV/% PZ/%
    水稻Rice 1 2 30 1.5 823.5 0.98 0.061
    2 6 30 1.5 1949.5 0.89 0.034
    3 2 50 1.5 1426.7 1.06 0.092
    4 6 50 1.5 3464.5 0.95 0.236
    5 2 40 1.0 956.8 0.45 0.011
    6 6 40 1.0 2544.6 0.51 0.035
    7 2 40 2.0 2201.6 1.14 0.163
    8 6 40 2.0 3412.1 1.09 0.136
    9 4 30 1.0 1179.7 0.53 0.012
    10 4 50 1.0 1954.3 0.56 0.054
    11 4 30 2.0 2340.2 1.26 0.121
    12 4 50 2.0 4209.7 1.31 0.195
    13 4 40 1.5 2144.6 0.71 0.067
    14 4 40 1.5 1984.4 0.73 0.112
    15 4 40 1.5 1876.2 0.69 0.014
    16 4 40 1.5 1772.1 0.65 0.087
    17 4 40 1.5 1920.8 0.78 0.135
    小麦Wheat 1 4 40 1.5 3884.1 0.51 0.041
    2 8 40 1.5 7475.3 0.56 0.064
    3 4 60 1.5 6089.7 0.68 0.112
    4 8 60 1.5 11137.2 0.63 0.172
    5 4 50 1.0 4596.7 0.21 0.013
    6 9 50 1.0 8011.3 0.27 0.024
    7 4 50 2.0 6631.7 0.77 0.135
    8 8 50 2.0 10609.7 0.79 0.097
    9 6 40 1.0 5208.4 0.34 0.014
    10 6 60 1.0 7296.3 0.37 0.033
    11 6 40 2.0 6684.8 0.83 0.095
    12 6 60 2.0 9333.6 0.87 0.186
    13 6 50 1.5 7305.3 0.47 0.054
    14 6 50 1.5 7590.7 0.41 0.092
    15 6 50 1.5 7205.4 0.43 0.041
    16 6 50 1.5 7140.2 0.38 0.073
    17 6 50 1.5 7080.6 0.36 0.121
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   回归方程方差分析

    Table  5   Analysis of variance of regression equation

    作物
    Crops
    方差来源
    Source of variance
    mv CV PZ
    平方和
    Sum of square
    自由度
    Freedom
    F P 平方和
    Sum of square
    自由度
    Freedom
    F P 平方和
    Sum of square
    自由度
    Freedom
    F P
    水稻
    Rice
    模型Model 1.243E+07 9 28.43 0.0001 1.14 9 42.66 < 0.0001 0.0580 9 3.73 0.0482
    A 4.443E+06 1 91.44 < 0.0001 0.0045 1 1.52 0.2571 0.0016 1 0.9406 0.3644
    B 2.835E+06 1 58.34 0.0001 0.0060 1 2.04 0.1962 0.0152 1 8.82 0.0208
    C 3.820E+06 1 78.61 < 0.0001 0.9453 1 318.82 < 0.0001 0.0316 1 18.31 0.0037
    AB 2.078E+05 1 4.28 0.0774 0.0001 1 0.0337 0.8595 0.0073 1 4.23 0.0787
    AC 35588.82 1 0.7324 0.4204 0.0030 1 1.02 0.3461 0.0007 1 0.3765 0.5589
    BC 2.997E+05 1 6.17 0.0420 0.0001 1 0.0337 0.8595 0.0003 1 0.1482 0.7117
    A2 28925.99 1 0.5953 0.4656 0.0208 1 7.01 0.0331 0.0002 1 0.1111 0.7487
    B2 14813.77 1 0.3049 0.5980 0.1484 1 50.06 0.0002 0.0011 1 0.6241 0.4555
    C2 7.500E+05 1 15.43 0.0057 0.0010 1 0.3303 0.5835 0.0001 1 0.0299 0.8677
    残差Residual 3.402E+05 7 0.0208 7 0.0121 7
    失拟Lack of fit 2.637E+05 3 4.60 0.0873 0.0115 3 1.65 0.3132 0.0035 3 0.5459 0.6768
    误差Pure error 76461.29 4 0.0093 4 0.0086 4
    总和Sum 1.277E+07 16 1.16 16 0.0701 16
    小麦
    Wheat
    模型Model 5.545E+07 9 64.22 < 0.0001 0.6619 9 40.14 < 0.0001 0.0380 9 4.69 0.0269
    A 3.213E+07 1 334.90 < 0.0001 0.0008 1 0.4366 0.5299 0.0004 1 0.4358 0.5303
    B 1.406E+07 1 146.53 < 0.0001 0.0120 1 6.56 0.0375 0.0104 1 11.61 0.0113
    C 8.297E+06 1 86.49 < 0.0001 0.5356 1 292.34 < 0.0001 0.0230 1 25.58 0.0015
    AB 5.302E+05 1 5.53 0.0510 0.0025 1 1.36 0.2810 0.0003 1 0.3805 0.5569
    AC 79354.89 1 0.8272 0.3933 0.0004 1 0.2183 0.6545 0.0006 1 0.6673 0.4409
    BC 78652.20 1 0.8199 0.3953 0.0000 1 0.0136 0.9103 0.0013 1 1.44 0.2691
    A2 48075.75 1 0.5012 0.5019 0.0090 1 4.92 0.0621 0.0000 1 0.0464 0.8355
    B2 2.126E+05 1 2.22 0.1801 0.0811 1 44.24 0.0003 0.0013 1 1.50 0.2603
    C2 34909.53 1 0.3639 0.5654 0.0122 1 6.64 0.0366 0.0006 1 0.6853 0.4351
    残差Residual 6.715E+05 7 0.0128 7 0.0063 7
    失拟Lack of fit 5.107E+05 3 4.23 0.0986 0.0054 3 0.9775 0.4868 0.0023 3 0.7661 0.5696
    误差Pure error 1.608E+05 4 0.0074 4 0.0040 4
    总和Sum 5.612E+07 16 0.6747 16 0.0443 16
    注:P<0.05表示影响显著,P<0.01表示影响极显著。
    Note: P<0.05 indicates significant impact, P<0.01 indicates extremely significant impact.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   油菜双因素三水平试验结果

    Table  6   Results of rapeseed double-factor three-level test

    试验编号Test No. B C mv/(g·min−1) CV/% PZ/%
    1 10 0.5 137.3 0.79 0.012
    2 15 0.5 198.7 0.52 0.023
    3 20 0.5 265.7 0.43 0.028
    4 10 1.0 147.4 0.29 0.061
    5 15 1.0 211.9 0.26 0.065
    6 20 1.0 280.4 0.21 0.079
    7 10 1.5 157.1 0.47 0.127
    8 15 1.5 228.3 0.38 0.132
    9 20 1.5 301.3 0.31 0.145
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   油菜双因素三水平试验方差分析结果

    Table  7   Variance analysis of rapeseed double-factor three-level test

    评价指标
    Evaluating indicator
    P
    B C BC B2 C2
    mv < 0.0001 0.0001 0.0084 0.1248 0.1936
    CV 0.0389 0.0424 0.2463 0.5852 0.0185
    PZ 0.0054 < 0.0001 0.7550 0.4049 0.0194
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   搅种参数优化匹配及台架验证试验结果

    Table  8   Optimization and matching of seed mixing parameters and bench validation test results

    作物
    Crops
    播种速度
    Seeding speed/(km·h−1)
    供种速率
    Seed feed rate m v/(g·min−1)
    型孔轮个数
    Number of type hole wheels A
    供种转速
    Rotational speed B /(r·min−1)
    转速比
    Speed ratio C
    实际供种速率
    Actual seed feed rate m v/(g·min−1)
    供种稳定性变异系数
    Coefficient of variation C V/%
    种子破碎率
    Seed damage rate P Z/%
    水稻
    Rice
    10 1250 3 40.0 1.0 1257.1 0.41 0.016
    12 1500 4 35.6 1.0 1546.3 0.45 0.014
    14 1750 4 41.2 1.0 1769.2 0.39 0.027
    小麦
    Wheat
    10 5000 5 46.0 1.0 5018.1 0.22 0.011
    12 6000 6 46.9 1.0 6022.5 0.21 0.013
    14 7000 7 47.8 1.0 7031.6 0.23 0.019
    油菜
    Rapeseed
    10 200 1 14.5 0.8 201.8 0.32 0.049
    12 240 1 17.5 0.7 241.5 0.27 0.051
    14 280 1 20.0 1.0 280.4 0.21 0.079
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-11-12
  • 修回日期:  2024-01-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-02-28
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-28

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