直接接触式膜蒸馏结晶回收沼液氨氮性能

    Performance of ammonia recovery from biogas slurry by direct contact membrane distillation crystallization

    • 摘要: 为解决现有沼液氨氮膜回收技术中氮肥浓度低和副产物价值低的问题,该研究提出采用膜蒸馏结晶技术实现沼液中氨氮的结晶回收。研究中,通过提升近饱和接收液的温度来平衡膜两侧的水蒸气分压,在保证氨氮传质通量的情况下最小化水分传质。操作结束后接收液中铵盐达到超饱和状态,冷却至常温即可回收铵盐晶体。结果表明,当进料侧沼液温度为40 ℃时,近饱和磷酸二氢铵温度需提高至47 ℃,而使用硫酸为吸收剂时,近饱和硫酸铵溶液温度需提高至65 ℃。酸液温度升高对氨通量也有促进作用,氨通量由40 ℃时的10.70 g/(m2·h)小幅提升至70 ℃时的14.90 g/(m2·h)。进料侧氨氮质量浓度的提升可显著增加氨氮回收通量。磷酸二氢铵为吸收剂时,试验6 h后晶体中的氨氮回收率为77.60%,采用硫酸为吸收剂时可提高至92.20%。继续延长处理时间,晶体中的氨氮回收率甚至超过100%。显然,采用膜蒸馏结晶技术回收沼液氨氮具一定的可行性,研究结果可为沼液氨氮的高价值回收提供一定参考。

       

      Abstract: Biogas slurry is known as the effluent from livestock and poultry farms. There is a substantial amount of nutrients and water beneficial for agricultural purposes. The direct application of biogas slurry into farmland is often confined to environmental concerns. It is often lacking the necessary cropland to absorb the waste products in large-scale farms, which generate significant volumes of biogas slurry. Moreover, the biogas slurry can be treated for irrigation. But the high costs associated with the treatment are hindered by the high nitrogen content. Prior to the treatment as wastewater, the recovery of ammonia from the biogas slurry can be expected to represent a viable solution. Among the various technologies available for ammonia recovery, thermal stripping can serve as a cost-effective and low-carbon emission suitable for biogas slurry treatment. Nevertheless, conventional thermal stripping can typically yield ammonia in liquid form via gas stripping or membrane distillation, resulting in low fertilizer products in market value. In this study, an innovative approach was proposed to recover ammonia nitrogen from the biogas slurry in a crystalline form using membrane distillation-crystallization. The temperature of the receiving solution increased to equalize the vapor pressures on both sides of the membrane. A favorable ammonia mass transfer rate was achieved to reduce the rate of water vapor transfer. As a result, the receiving solution was supersaturated to allow for the recovery of ammonium salt crystals by cooling to room temperature. The results revealed that the temperature of the nearly saturated phosphoric acid diammonium solution needed to be raised to 47 °C when the temperature of the biogas slurry on the feed side was 40 °C. Conversely, the temperature of the nearly saturated ammonium sulfate solution had to be elevated to 65 °C, when using sulfuric acid as the absorbent. Moreover, the increasing temperature of the acid solution enhanced the ammonia flux, which rose from 10.7 g/(m2·h) at 40 °C to 14.9 g/(m2·h) at 70 °C. Higher ammonia nitrogen concentrations on the feed side significantly boosted the ammonia mass transfer flux. With phosphoric acid diammonium as the absorbent, the ammonia nitrogen recovery in the crystals reached 77.60% after 6 h of testing. However, the recovery ratio increased to 92.20% using sulfuric acid as the absorbent. The higher ammonia recovery ratio was primarily attributed to the lower pH value of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the ammonia nitrogen recovery in the crystals even reached as high as 116.70%, when the treatment time was extended. The membrane distillation-crystallization can be expected for the ammonia nitrogen recovery from biogas slurry. A valuable reference can also provide for the efficient recovery of ammonia nitrogen from biogas slurry, although it remained a preliminary concept. Additional research should be conducted to examine the correlation between water and ammonia mass transfer, in order to reduce heat conduction. Particularly, it is also required for a better understanding of the crystallization mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer, due mainly to the heterogeneous nucleation properties inherent in the membrane process.

       

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