Abstract: The interaction between rural residential land structure and function is the dynamic remodeling in the internal and external environments of the land system. The orderly development can be expected to promote the internal space of the countryside in rural revitalization. In this study, a research framework was established for the interaction between the rural residential land structure and function, according to the "process-mechanism-effect-regulation". A summary was also given on the research contents, themes, and progress of rural residential land structure and function. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) Existing research on rural residential land structure basically covered the spatial layout, evolution, driving mechanism, optimization, and regulation, leading to gradual refinement of the scale into the internal structure. Meanwhile, rural residential land functions were focused mainly on the dimensions of functional evaluation, spatial differentiation, evolution, and multifunctional transformation. While it was lacking in the intrinsic mechanism of multifunctional formation and evolution in the rural settlement, especially in the interactions among various functions. In the view of static correspondence, there were relatively few studies on the structure and function of rural residential land under one framework from the whole system. It was still unclear on the interaction between rural residential land structure and function. It was also lacking in the linkage mechanism to match the rural land use structure and function in the practice of land restructure. 2) Some recommendations were proposed to first determine the dynamic interaction in the "process-mechanism-effect-regulation". Secondly, it was very necessary to explore the influence intensity, mechanism, and driving path of the influencing factors on the interaction at different scales under the macro-environment and micro-actors; then the systematic assessment was carried out to clarify the influence of different interaction types at different stages of the interaction under differentiated geographical patterns; As such, the differentiated land use structure and function configurations were proposed suitable for the transformation and the needs of rural development. 3) The production function of the countryside was revitalized to reinforce the function of rural local culture under sustainable rural development and rural revitalization. The functions of the "village-township-county" levels were integrated to explore the residential land use structure and function allocation; While it was possible to promote the coordination of rural residential land structure and function via the innovation of mixed land use in rural settlements at the practical level, thus exploring the rural spatial reconstruction mode of land use structure and function adaptation. Towards the rural residential land transition in the rapid economic and social development, the finding can provide the academic reference to promote rural development in the residential land.