基于称量反馈的设施番茄灌溉系统的构建与应用

    Construction and application of a weighing feedback-based irrigation system for facility tomatoes

    • 摘要: 为提高设施番茄灌溉的精准性,该研究设计了一种基于称量反馈的灌溉系统,该系统包括称量反馈模块、多源信息采集传输模块、灌溉决策模块与水肥执行模块。称量反馈灌溉决策首先利用卫星定位模组获取灌溉地经纬度信息自动计算当天的日出时刻、日落时刻、日中时刻,结合椰糠条吸水特性与番茄植株日需水量变化规律,把1 d自动划分为4个不同的动态灌溉阶段;根据温室内温湿度信息及排液电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)值反馈的番茄植株根部信息,制定了一般模式灌溉肥液或洗盐模式灌溉清水(或低浓度营养液)。设计试验以基于辐射累积控制灌溉、定时灌溉作为对照,分别从栽培效果、灌溉效果、应用效益方面验证该灌溉系统的应用效果。结果显示使用该称量反馈灌溉系统比基于辐射累积控制灌溉系统灌溉量增加1.8%,用肥量减少7.3%,排液比降低7.9%,排液EC值降低9.3%;与定时灌溉方式相比灌溉量减少11.3%,用肥量减少20.0%,排液比降低17.9%,排液EC值降低4.9%。栽培效果显示,使用该称量反馈灌溉系统的椰糠条栽培番茄在茎粗、叶片叶绿素相对含量、糖度值、单穗质量和基于辐射累积的控制灌溉相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但株高增加4.8%;与定时灌溉相比在株高、茎粗、叶片叶绿素相对含量、糖度值、单穗质量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。预计使用该称量反馈灌溉系统,园区15栋日光温室(1.22 hm2)相比基于辐射累积控制灌溉,应用效益月节约0.276万元,与定时灌溉方式相比,园区月节约2.247万元。该系统简化了番茄植株需水量的计算过程,实现了番茄栽培水分的精准感知与按需精量灌溉。

       

      Abstract: To An innovative irrigation system was proposed for facility cultivation tomatoes using weight feedback, in order to improve the accuracy of irrigation. Among them, the weighing feedback module was used to monitor the water requirements of tomato plants. Multi-source information acquisition and transmission were to collect and transmit the environmental information in the greenhouse. An irrigation decision module was to issue the irrigation commands for the switch of water pumps. A water-fertilizer actuation module was to configure and transport the nutrient into the crops. Initially, a satellite positioning module was employed to ascertain the latitude and longitude of the irrigation site, which was facilitated the automatic calculation of the sunrise, sunset, and solar noon times. Four phases of dynamic irrigation were autonomously segmented the day, according to the water absorption of coco coir strips and the diurnal transpiration patterns of tomato plants within the greenhouse. Furthermore, general mode of irrigating nutrient or desalination mode of irrigating pure water (or low-concentration nutrient solution) was formulated, according to the greenhouse temperature and humidity information, as well as the feedback on the root information of tomato plants that obtained from drainage conductivity. Experimental design was involved the radiation accumulation and timed irrigation as controls, in order to validate the applicability, in terms of cultivation, irrigation, and application benefits. The results indicate that the weight feedback system increased irrigation volume by about 1.8%, compared with the radiation accumulation. The fertilizer usage, drainage ratio, and drainage EC value were reduced by 7.3%, 7.9%, and 9.3%, respectively. The irrigation volume, fertilizer usage, drainage ratio, and drainage EC value decreased by approximately 11.3%, 20.0%, 17.9%, and 4.9%, respectively, compared with the timed irrigation. Cultivation results show that when the coconut coir strip-cultivated tomatoes were irrigated under this weight feedback irrigation system, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the stem thickness, relative chlorophyll content of leaves, sugar content, and single ear mass, compared with the radiation accumulation. Additionally, the plant height increased by 4.8%. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the plant height, stem thickness, relative chlorophyll content of leaves, sugar content, and single ear mass, compared with timed irrigation. It was expected that 15 solar greenhouses (1.22 hm2) were contributed to save 27.6 thousand yuan per month and 22.6 thousand yuan per hectares per month using the weight feedback system, compared with the radiation accumulation; The park can save 22.47 thousand yuan per month in application benefits, compared with the timed irrigation and 18.47 thousand yuan per hectares per month. As such, the previous cumbersome calculation of water demand was greatly simplified to achieve the precise detection of tomato water and precision irrigation for the Rockwool cultivation and the mixed substrate potted cultivation.

       

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