二阶钉齿链板式残膜回收装置设计与试验

    Design and test of the two-order pin-tooth chain plate type residual film recovery device

    • 摘要: 针对新疆秋季棉田挑膜回收残膜机捡拾过程中撕裂地膜并使膜杂缠绕,并且在输送过程中膜杂混合物无法有效分层,造成膜杂分离效果差,地膜含杂率高的问题,该研究设计了一种二阶钉齿链板式残膜回收装置。该装置通过多齿协同作业实现整幅地膜连续捡拾、地膜逐阶铺展输送,达到回收过程中膜杂有效分层的效果;并设计了由23条钉齿链板纵向布置构成的收膜机构,确定了钉齿链板的结构与参数。进一步通过分析地膜被钉齿组挑起时的受力情况,明确了钉齿不撕裂地膜条件下相邻两条钉齿链板的间距为84 mm;确定了收膜机构中主、被动辊和脱膜圈的结构参数,各阶收膜机构输送倾角为:第一阶钉齿链板式收膜机构的输送倾角为125°;第二阶钉齿链板式收膜机构的输送倾角为105°。通过对收膜机构提升膜杂过程的运动学及动力学分析,确定了实现整膜连续捡拾和逐阶铺展输送的条件。最后试制样机,以机具作业速度为影响因素,以残膜回收率和回收地膜内的含杆率为试验指标,开展单因素试验。田间试验结果表明:机具作业速度范围在5.5~7.5 km/h之间时,均可实现整膜连续捡拾和逐阶铺展输送,机具平均残膜回收率为89.4%,平均含杆率为8.6%。回收地膜中含杆率明显降低,研究结果可为残膜回收机的设计提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Residual film recovery machines has have been commonly used in cotton fields in Xinjiang Province in autumn. The plastic film can tear into strips and entangles with impurities on the film during picking. The film with impurities mixture cannot be effectively layered in the conveying process, resulting in low separation of the film with impurities, high impurity content of mulch film, and difficult recycling. This study aims to design the a two-order pin-tooth chain-plate type device for residual film recovery. The multiple tooth collaborative operation was achieved in the continuous picking for the whole residual film in the autumn season. The whole residual film was transported upward to spread on the pin-tooth chain plate. A better separation environment was obtained for the impurity to maintain the effective stratification of membrane impurity in the recovery process. The structure of film film-collecting mechanism was longitudinally arranged with 23 pin-tooth chain plates. The structural parameters of the pin-tooth chain plate were determined to analyze the force in the whole continuous picking of plastic film. The spacing range between the adjacent pin-tooth chain plates was 84mm before the pin-tooth broke the plastic film; The structural parameters were determined for the main, passive rollers, and the stripping ring in the film collecting mechanism; Meanwhile, the angle of the recovery device were also determined, where the angles of the first- and second-order pin-tooth chain plate film collecting mechanism were 125° and 105°, respectively. The kinematics and dynamics analysis showed that the film film-collecting mechanism was used to lift the residual film with impurity. The optimal conditions were clarified to realize the continuous picking, step-by-step spreading, and conveying of the whole residual film. A prototype was trial-produced to conduct the field performance tests. The main influencing factors on the residual film recovery rate of the recovery device were determined as the angular velocity of the picking-passive roller and the operating speed of machinery, according to the principle of picking up film recovery. As the two-order pin-tooth chain-plate type recovery device of the experimental prototype was driven by the front depth limiting roller, the angular velocity of the picking-passive roller was linearly related to the operating speed of the machinery; The first-order film collecting mechanism shared the little range of variation in the ratio of the linear velocity of the tooth end during picking. The operating speed of 0.97 was achieved in by the continuously picking the whole residual film. A single-factor experiment was conducted with the recovery rate of residual film and the rate of containing poles content inside the recycled plastic film as experimental indicators, while the operating speed of the machinery was the influencing factor. The field test showed that the two-order pin-tooth chain-plate type residual film recycling machine was realized for the continuous picking and step-by-step spreading and conveying of the whole film, when the operation speed was within 5.5-7.5 km/h. The average rate of residual film recovery was 89.4%, and the average rate of containing poles was 8.6% in the recovered film. The second-stage nail-tooth chain-plate type device of residual film recovery was enhanced the recovery rate of residual film, whereas, there was the a significant decrease in the rate of containing poles in the recovered film, compared with the commonly- used one. The findings can provide a strong reference for the design of residual film recovery machines.

       

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