深远海空间布局方法与空间用途管控以粤东外海为例

    Layout approach and use management for deep and far sea space: A case study on the outer sea of eastern Guangdong Province

    • 摘要: 探究深远海空间布局管控方法对推动海洋空间优化配置,释放“蓝色潜力”,缓解中国近岸海域资源、生态环境和空间利用等多重压力,推动实现海洋强国战略具有重要意义。该研究面向多要素、多维度、长时序的深远海空间格局解析,构建基于多源数据空间化的识别方法,以粤东外海为实证对象布局“三类空间”,并挖掘各类用海活动的时空特征,建立空间用途管控规则。结果表明:1)深远海空间可划分为保护,保留和利用空间,分别对应维护安全的保护功能、保留功能和开发利用功能;2)粤东外海保护空间占比达到46%,高于保留空间(43%)和利用空间(11%),生态保护、自由航行、矿产勘探等用途优先于其他开发利用活动;3)以时间尺度和垂直深度表征用海活动特征,结合可移动性和空间占用范围,分析用海活动的时空轨迹与冲突关系,提出以合理利用空间资源,精细化管理为目标的空间准入规则。研究结果对于深远海空间规划的理论研究与方法构建具有一定借鉴意义,也可为推动中国空间利用、健全国土空间规划体系提供决策支持。

       

      Abstract: Sea areas can often include the continental shelf, exclusive economic zones, and territorial seawaters. Among them, the deep and far sea space is the connecting and transitional area between territorial seas and the oceans, which is situated in the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. It is highly valuable in biological and natural resources from a strategic standpoint. Therefore, the deep and far sea space can be explored to promote the ecological environment and spatial utilization in nearshore seas. Fresh space can also provide to reduce the various constraints on resources in the blue economy. In this study, the deep-sea spatial patterns were determined with multiple factors, dimensions, and long-term time series. A rapid and accurate recognition was constructed using multi-source data spatialization. The "three types of spaces" were laid out with eastern Guangdong as the empirical object. The spatiotemporal characteristics of various sea use activities were explored to establish spatial use management. The results show that: 1) Deep and far sea space was classified into the protection, preservation, and utilization spaces, corresponding to the protection, preservation, as well as development and utilization functions, respectively. The spatial identification relationship of multi-source data was examined and quantified, such as ecology, resources, and environment. The spatial selection of various targets was implemented using spatial stacking and two-dimensional quadrant methods. 2) The protected space in the eastern Guangdong Sea area was located mainly in the northwest of the study area, accounting for 46% of the total space; The proportion of preserved space area unsuitable for development and construction was 43%; Shallow seas below the 200m isobath in the southern Taiwan Strait (as much as 11% of the total area) were the appropriate utilization space for offshore wind power installation and marine fisheries. 3) A series of analyses was performed on the spatiotemporal trajectory and conflict relationship of sea use activities, combining mobility, vertical depths, and time scales with spatial occupancy range to characterize the features of sea use activities; Some activities shared the strong spatial attributes, such as wind power development and mineral resource exploration. There were much stronger time attributes of navigation, habitat protection, and cable pipelines. The finding can also provide a strong reference for the decision-making on the national spatial planning in the deep and far sea space for the marine spatial layout.

       

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