Abstract: The change characteristics of crop yield and soil physical and chemical properties under different straw returning years and methods were studied, and the effects of different straw returning years and methods on soil comprehensive fertility were clarified while ensuring stable and high yield of crops, in order to provide technical support for scientific straw returning to the field. Through collecting and sorting 152 journal articles and academic papers published at home and abroad from 2000 to 2023, and screening 676 sets of data, the effects of different straw returning technology measures (returning amount, returning method, returning depth, returning years) on the yield of rice, wheat, maize and rape and the soil physicochemical properties of planting areas were integrated and analyzed. The results showed that the years, amount, mode and depth of returning straw affected the yield increase of main grain and oil crops. The best years of returning straw to corn, wheat, rice and rape were > 10 years, and the yield increased by 15.4%-18.3%. The suitable amount of rice and rape was > 6 000～9 000 kg/hm², while the suitable amount of maize and wheat was > 9 000 kg/hm². Indirect tillage was the best method of returning to the field, and the three major grain crops, corn, wheat and rice, were mainly returned to the field with > 10～20 cm, while rapeseed was suitable for deep tillage with > 20～30 cm. It is recommended to use straw returning technology with the years of straw returning > 10 a, the amount of straw returning > 9 000 kg/hm², indirect returning method and the depth of straw returning > 10～20 cm for fertilizing soil. Reasonable straw returning technology can promote the growth of crops and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, which is an important way to increase production and fertilizer.