Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) significantly improved the soil's water retention properties, enhancing plant growth conditions in drought and harsh environments. They were widely used in agricultural production, especially in areas with scarce water resources, as well as in ecological restoration projects to rehabilitate degraded land and improve vegetation growth. They had become one of the key materials in soil improvement and environmental restoration. This study focuses on the changes of water absorption and water retention properties of superabsorbent polymers under different temperatures and freezing conditions, and investigates the effects of different temperatures, freezing methods, compositions, and particle sizes on the water absorption and water retention properties of SAP. The water absorption and water retention properties of 10 SAP were analysed and investigated by one-way and multi-factor ANOVA and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The results showed that these 10 superabsorbent polymers showed great differences in water absorption ratio, ranging from 167.99 to 527.5 g/g, which was closely related to the main composition of SAP, and the water absorption of SAP whose main composition was polymer ratio is higher. The main composition of superabsorbent polymers also has a significant effect on its water retention performance, and most of the polymer superabsorbent polymers are superior in water retention properties. The water absorption rate of superabsorbent polymers was greatly affected by the particle size, showing a decreasing trend with the increase of particle size, and the low temperature would limit the water absorption rate of SAP, and at the same time, significantly affect the water retention performance of SAP. The water retention rate of superabsorbent polymers showed an increasing trend with the increase of ambient temperature. Multifactorial ANOVA showed that the particle size of superabsorbent polymers had a highly significant effect on the attenuation rate of the repeated water absorption multiplicity and the water absorption ratio after freezing and freezing and thawing (P < 0.001), while the freezing and freezing and thawing processes likewise significantly affected the water absorption ratio and the water retention ratio of SAP (P < 0.001). and water retention rate (P < 0.001). The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution analysis shows that different superabsorbent polymers, in terms of water absorption, water retention and cold resistance performance varies, and SAP with potassium polyacrylate as the main component has a relatively high comprehensive performance order. The comprehensive performance of SAP, with potassium polyacrylate as the main component, was ranked relatively high. This study can provide theoretical basis and reference for the application of superabsorbent polymers and the development of new SAP in cold regions.