Abstract: Wide-narrow row planting (WP) can increase planting intensity per unit area and ensure increased grain yield, which may lead to increased soil fertility consumption, and then affect the sustainable utilization of black soil, but there is a lack of objective evaluation. Based on this, three farmlands with different years of wide-narrow row planting (three years-WP3, seven years-WP7, ten years-WP10) were sampled in Fan Rong Township, western Heilongjiang Province, with equal row spacing planting (three years-EP3, seven years-EP7, ten years-EP10) as the control. The characteristics of soil aggregate structure and changes in soil carbon pool were measured and analyzed. The results show that: Compared with EP treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased by 1.20 and 0.20 g/kg（P<0.05）, and aggregate organic carbon decreased by 0.87 g/kg under WP3 treatment. With the extension of planting years, soil organic carbon increased by 1.26 g/kg, total nitrogen no significant difference and aggregate organic carbon increased by 2.00 g/kg after 10 years of wide-narrow row planting. The percentage of soil macro-aggregate (>0.25 mm), mean weight diameter (MWD), and corn above-ground biomass were significantly increased under wide-narrow row planting. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) was not significantly improved under short-term wide-narrow row planting (WP3) treatment, but the GMD value increased significantly with the extension of planting years to 10 years.Compared with EP3, WP3 treatment increased soil macro-aggregate content by 10.5%, MWD by 10.3%, GMD by 9.3% and above-ground biomass by 9.1%. With the extension of planting years, the percentage of soil macro-aggregates increased by 18.6%, MWD increased by 13.1%, GMD increased by 19.9%, and above-ground biomass increased by 15.9% after 10 years of wide-narrow row planting.The effect of wide-narrow row planting on soil particulate organic carbon content showed a decreasing and then increasing trend.The particulate organic carbon content (POC) of the WP3 treatment, planted in wide and narrow rows in the 0-20 cm soil layer for three years, was found to be 21.92% lower than that of the EP3 treatment, which was planted with equal row spacing.The WP7 treatment exhibited a 9.96% reduction compared to the EP7 treatment after 7 years of wide-narrow row planting, while the WP10 treatment demonstrated a 12.04% enhancement relative to the EP10 treatment after 10 years of wide-narrow row planting.Soil mineral-associated organic carbon content decreased significantly after 3 years of wide-narrow row planting, and there was no significant difference in mineral-associated organic carbon content as the planting period of wide-narrow row planting was extended to 7 and 10 years.The study showed that the soil organic carbon content gradually changed from a negative effect to a positive effect after wide-narrow row planting. The increase of root and above-ground biomass caused the increase in plant-derived carbon input, which gradually offset the negative effect caused by the increase of planting intensity with the accumulation of time. In conclusion, we believe that wide-narrow row planting will play a role in maintaining the new balance of soil carbon pool in black soil over time, thereby improving soil structure and soil quality.