Abstract: The hilly and mountainous region in southern China is abundant in winter temperature and light resources. The development of mechanized production of rapeseed and wheat in this region is an effective way to solve the problem of winter fallow fields in southern China, and is also an important measure to ensure the safety of grain and oil in China. However, due to the cultivated land resource endowment based on the topography of hilly and mountainous region and the development characteristics of agricultural mechanization from plain to mountainous areas, the mechanized sowing level of rapeseed and wheat in hilly and mountainous region in southern China is low and develops slowly, and it is still in the state of "no machine available" or "no good machine available", which seriously restricts China's development strategy of comprehensively promoting mechanized production and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country. This paper analyzed the current situation of mechanized production of rapeseed and wheat in hilly and mountainous region of southern China from three aspects: production zoning, application scenarios and technical equipment. By sorting out the contradiction between typical production scenarios and practical application machinery of rapeseed and wheat, it was clear that the objective factors such as wet and sticky rice stubble soil, complex hilly terrain and the agronomic requirements of rapeseed and wheat planting, as well as the subjective factors such as regional economic backwardness, business entity tendency and technology market vacancy were the main factors affecting the insufficient development level of mechanized sowing in various rapeseed and wheat producing areas in hilly and mountainous region of southern China. By analyzing the application and technology development of rapeseed and wheat mechanized seeding equipment at the present stage, and the technical sticking points and equipment development needs of rapeseed and wheat mechanized seeding in southern hilly and mountainous region, it was proposed that the research and development of intelligent rapeseed and wheat combined direct seeding machine adapted to the conditions of sticky and wet rotten soil in hilly and mountainous region of southern China, anti-sticking and anti-blocking of hilly terrain and small plot sowing, matching of small lightweight small horsepower tractors, dual-purpose of rapeseed and wheat, integration of tillage and sowing, and variable sowing are the equipment basis for improving the level of rapeseed and wheat machine sowing. It was clear that the key technologies such as the preparation of seed bed with heavy soil and wet rotten soil, the control of sowing depth on hilly and mountainous undulating surface, the precision seed metering for both oil and wheat, and the intelligent sowing control are the research focus, and it was pointed out that the key technology research should be guided by the large-scale and market-oriented production of rapeseed and wheat in southern hilly and mountainous region, so as to effectively improved the mechanized sowing level of rapeseed and wheat in southern hilly and mountainous region, and achieved the goal of steadily increasing the annual yield of oil and wheat in China. The research results can provide a reference for the improvement of mechanized sowing level of rapeseed and wheat in hilly and mountainous region of southern China.