Abstract: Addressing the challenge of liquid fertilizer sloshing within fertilizer storage tanks during the transportation or operation of liquid manure fertilizer applicators, which can significantly affect the applicator's smoothness and the quality of fertilization. This research adopts CFD simulation analysis of the effects of longitudinal impact effect on the tank wall, on the basis of water proof board inside the tank design and optimization. A fertilizer storage tank model was constructed and boundary conditions were set in fluid simulation software to simulate emergency braking conditions. The peak value of total longitudinal impact load was used as the key index to evaluate the simulation results. The influence of five factors on the liquid fertilizer slosh was analyzed in depth: the lower edge height of the wave proof plate, the position height of the wave proof hole, the diameter of the wave proof hole, the number of wave teeth of the wave proof plate and the height of trapezoid teeth. After the significant factors were selected by Plackett-Burman tests, the optimal parameters of the anti-slosh baffle were determined by a combination of response surface method (RSM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fluid simulation. Specifically, the lower edge height of the wave proof plate is 345mm, the wave proof hole position height is 133mm, and the wave proof hole diameter is 622mm. To further validate the effectiveness of the optimized wave proof plate design presented in this paper, two similar devices of fertilizer storage tanks were constructed based on similarity theory. One tank was equipped with a commercially available wave proof plate, while the other was fitted with the wave proof plate design developed in this study. Based on the similarity ratio, the positions of impact load monitoring points on the heads of the similar tanks and the wave proof plates were derived. The results of our liquid fertilizer sloshing suppression tests demonstrated that the fertilizer storage tank developed in this study exhibited reduced liquid fertilizer sloshing amplitude throughout the braking process. This indicates its superior performance in suppressing sloshing, which is crucial for maintaining the smoothness of the applicator and the quality of fertilization. Notably, during the tests, the relative error between the calculated and simulated peak values of the total longitudinal impact load and the sensor-monitored values did not exceed 7%. This further validates the accuracy of our CFD simulation model and similarity criterion calculations. Furthermore, Experimental research was then conducted to investigate the impact of the wave proof plate on the overall stability of the machine and its effectiveness in suppressing liquid fertilizer sloshing, with demonstration cases at filling ratios of 0.5 and 0.8. The results of our overall stability tests revealed that the fertilizer storage tank developed in this study exhibited significant improvements in pitch angular velocity and roll angular velocity compared to a tank from a certain company. Specifically, on field roads, the improvements were 20.0% and 25.0%, respectively. On off-field roads, the improvements were 20.8% and 17.2%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the enhanced stability provided by our optimized wave proof plate design. In conclusion, the experimental study on restraining the slosh of liquid fertilizer and the stability of the whole machine not only verified the accuracy of the simulation value calculated by the CFD simulation model and the similarity criterion, but also proved the good working performance of the fertilizer storage tank in this study. This research provides valuable insights and serves as a reference for the design of wave proof plate in tanks for liquid manure fertilizer application machines, paving the way for future advancements in this field.