Abstract: The contradictions and problems facing the multi-functional development of rural areas under different economic gradients are different. To explore the differences in the evolution of the multi-functional pattern of rural areas and analyze its mechanism is the basis for building a differentiated path of rural revitalization. This study takes Jiangsu Province as the research area, establishes the rural regional multifunctional index system, comprehensively uses entropy to legally quantify the rural regional multifunctional level, uses Theil index to analyze the differences in regional rural regional multifunctional development, uses geographic detector to take economic gradient as the independent variable, and divides the gradient into three levels, among which the county in southern Jiangsu is set as 1. The counties in Central Jiangsu were set as 2, and the counties in northern Jiangsu were set as 3. Using the rural regional functional value or function value of each county as the dependent variable, the degree of coincidence between the spatial differentiation of economic gradient and the rural regional functional space differentiation was analyzed. From the perspective of economic gradient differentiation, this paper comprehensively analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution difference of global and local rural functional level in Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2020, and explores its influencing mechanism. The results showed as follows: 1) The level of rural regional multifunction in Jiangsu Province increased from 0.278 to 0.441, showing a continuous upward trend. Under different economic gradients, rural regional dominant functions were different. Southern Jiangsu was dominated by economic development function and social security function, northern Jiangsu was dominated by agricultural production function and ecological conservation function, and central Jiangsu was in a relatively balanced state. 2) From the perspective of regional development differences, the Thiel index of rural regional functional function decreased from 0.011 to 0.001, indicating that the overall difference gradually decreased. From the perspective of spatial differences, the degree of coincidence between rural regional functional function and economic gradient differentiation increased from 0.301 to 0.349 and then decreased to 0.138. The coincidence of agricultural production function, social security function and economic gradient decreased first and then increased, and the coincidence of economic development function, ecological conservation function and economic gradient showed a downward trend. 3) Annual precipitation, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries and per capita social consumption are the dominant factors affecting the rural regional multifunction under the economic gradient differentiation in Jiangsu Province. Natural factors play a basic supporting role, and there is a synergistic enhancement effect among all factors. Under different economic gradients, the driving factors of rural regional multifunction are significantly different. In general, the driving factors are dominated by economic factors, and the influence of natural factors is gradually weakened from north to south.