Effects of different light intensities on the healing and growth of grafted seedlings in two-stage grafting of tomato seedlings
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摘要:
为解决番茄两段式嫁接育苗中如何在高密度环境下快速愈合及扦插后快速生根的问题，该研究以番茄品种‘粉都153’为接穗、‘ 金钻’为砧木，对其进行双断根嫁接，研究嫁接苗在愈合期（1～2、3～4、5 d）不同光强梯度30-60-90（CK）、40-80-120（T1）、50-100-150（T2）、60-120-180（T3）、70-140-210 μmol/(m2·s)（T4）下的愈合情况，并将不同光强下的嫁接苗分别高密度愈合1、3和5 d后扦插，判断植株生长情况。结果表明，T1、T2处理的嫁接苗成活率较高，且与CK差异不显著（P＞0.05）；T1处理下嫁接苗的愈合最快，且切口处具有较高的抗氧化酶活性及光合色素含量，较低的超氧阴离子含量；不同光强处理3 d后扦插嫁接苗的成活率较高，其中T1和T2处理的最高，不同光强处理1 d后扦插各处理间无显著差异（P＞0.05），处理5 d后扦插成活率降低；对扦插嫁接苗的生长进行综合评价，T1处理1、3、5 d后扦插，嫁接苗的根系及地上部生长均最好，其次为T2、T3在第5 天时扦插也表现出较好的效果。综合考虑，在番茄两段式嫁接的高密度愈合阶段，在1～2、3～4、5 d愈合期采用40-80-120 μmol/(m2·s)的光强管理模式对愈合最为有利，且最好在3 d内进行扦插，可更好地保证成活率及嫁接苗的质量。
Abstract:Tomato is one of the most popular vegetable crops with the largest facility cultivation in China. Succession barriers, soil-borne diseases, and environmental stresses can often occur in actual production, leading to decreasing quality and yield. Fortunately, grafting has been one of the most effective operations to control the major diseases for the high resistance in recent years. Among them, two-stage grafting of tomatoes can be expected to cultivate high-quality seedling resistance. It is of great significance to precise control the light environment for better grafting during the healing and cutting stages. However, it is unclear on the specific parameters of the light environment during two-stage grafting. This study aims to explore the effects of different light intensities on the healing and growth of grafted seedlings in the two-stage grafting of tomatoes. The double-cut grafted seedlings rapidly healed and then took root after cutting under a high-density environment. The strong seedlings were cultivated after optimization. The grafted seedlings were then placed in a self-developed container made of acrylic and high-density foam board. The light intensity was selected to regulate the light environment at the ratio of red, blue, and green light during the healing period. The tomato variety 'Fendu 153' was used as the scion, while the 'Jinzuan' was used as the rootstock. The healing status and root regeneration of grafted seedlings were investigated under different light intensity gradients of 30-60-90 (CK), 40-80-120 (T1), 50-100-150 (T2), 60-120-180 (T3), and 70-140-210 (T4) μmol/(m2·s) during the healing period (1-2, 3-4, and 5 d). The grafted seedlings were cut under different light intensities after high-density healing for 1, 3, and 5 d, respectively, in order to evaluate the growth of plants. The growth indexes were measured, such as the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot ratio, and length, as well as surface area, diameter, and volume of root. The results showed that a higher survival rate of grafted seedlings was achieved in the T1 and T2 treatments. There was no significant difference, compared with the CK. The grafted seedlings under T1 treatment shared the fastest healing, the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, the content of photosynthetic pigment, and the lower content of superoxide anion at the incision. There was a higher survival rate of cuttings after 3 d of treatment with the different light intensities. Among them, T1 and T2 treatments presented the highest. There was no significant difference among the treatments at 1 d of treatment with different light intensities. But the survival rate of cuttings decreased after 5 d. After evaluation on the growth of cutting grated seedlings, the root and above-ground growth of grafted seedlings were the best after T1 treatment for 1, 3, and 5 d, followed by T2, T3 at 5 d. In summary, the most favorable healing was achieved in the light intensity mode of 40-80-120 μmol/ (m2·s) at 1-2, 3-4, and 5 d, respectively. The best performance was obtained to cut within 3 d during the high-density healing stage of two-stage grafted tomato, in terms of the survival rate and the quality of grafted seedlings. The finding can also provide technical support to the two-stage grafted seedling of tomatoes.
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Keywords:
- tomato /
- light intensity /
- two-stage grafting /
- healing /
- growth
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图 1 不同愈合期光强处理对番茄嫁接苗生根、愈合及成活率的影响
注：St为砧木；Sc为接穗；c为愈伤组织；NL为隔离层；Vt为维管组织；Vb为维管束桥。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P<0.05），下同。
Figure 1. Effects of light intensities on the root regeneration, healing and survival rate of tomato grafted seedlings in different healing time
Note: St is rootstock; Sc is scion; c is callus cell; NL is separation layer; Vt is vascular tissue; Vb is vascular bridge. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05), same as below.
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图 2 不同光强处理后番茄嫁接苗接合处O2.-含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化
注：不同小写字母表示相同愈合时间下处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。
Figure 2. Changes of O2.- content and antioxidant enzymes at the junction of tomato grafted seedlings with different light intensities
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments in the same healing time (P<0.05), same as below.
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图 3 不同光强对番茄嫁接苗叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、类胡萝卜素和光合色素总量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different light intensities on the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and photosythetic pigment content at the junction of tomato grafted seedlings
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图 4 高密度愈合后不同光强对番茄嫁接苗扦插成活率的影响
Figure 4. Effects of different light intensities on survival rate of cutting tomato grafted seedlings after high density healing
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图 5 不同光强下高密度愈合后扦插番茄嫁接苗各生长指标的隶属函数值
Figure 5. Subordinative function value of cutting tomato grafted seedlings in different light intensities after high density healing
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图 6 番茄两段式嫁接苗培育方法
Figure 6. The cultivation method of two-stage grafted tomato seedlings
表 1 不同愈合阶段光照强度
Table 1 Light intensity in different healing stages
(μmol·m−2·s−1) 处理Treatments 1～2 d 3～4 d 5 d CK 30 60 90 T1 40 80 120 T2 50 100 150 T3 60 120 180 T4 70 140 210 
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表 2 不同光强下高密度愈合1、3、5 d后扦插两段式培育番茄嫁接苗的形态指标
Table 2 Morphologic indices of two-stage grafted tomato seedlings after high density healing with different light intensities treating for 1, 3, 5 d
愈合时间
Healing time/d处理
Treatments株高
Plant height/
cm茎粗
Stem diameter/
mm叶面积
Leaf area/
cm2根冠比
Root shoot
ratio总根长
Total root
length/cm根面积
Root surface
area/cm2根体积
Root volume/
cm3根直径
Root diameter/cm1 CK 14.37+1.27a 4.97+0.11b 179.33±2.48b 0.19+0.012c 167.21+4.29b 42.06+0.26b 0.83+0.05a 3.36+0.14a T1 10.87+0.32c 5.52+0.35a 194.06±0.16a 0.28+0.004a 162.54+1.85c 43.37+1.51b 0.84+0.02a 3.47+0.09a T2 12.93+0.84b 5.07+0.16b 193.82±180a 0.21+0.004b 187.75+0.14a 47.76+1.36a 0.85+0.05a 3.47+0.14a T3 11.57+0.06c 4.99+0.09b 173.99±1.59c 0.20+0.008bc 146.94+0.12 d 33.59+0.74c 0.71+0.02b 3.47+0.10a T4 11.90+0.17bc 4.95+0.19b 175.96±2.13c 0.17+ 0.006 d147.95+0.13 d 33.65+1.59c 0.69+0.02b 3.34+0.06a 3 CK 13.20+0.31a 5.51+0.05b 229.92±1.66c 0.14+0.003a 223.47+3.52b 50.36+0.56b 0.96+0.05a 3.53+0.18a T1 11.60+0.08b 5.82+0.03a 240.66±1.64a 0.14+0.005a 235.31+1.85a 50.98+0.93ab 0.95+0.03a 3.45+0.10a T2 12.93+0.84a 5.53+0.02b 237.77±2.14b 0.14+0.008a 236.18+0.93a 51.80+0.16a 0.98+0.07a 3.56+0.02a T3 13.50+0.38a 5.52+0.19b 200.46±0.99d 0.13+0.009b 200.79+0.98c 42.32+0.38c 0.84+0.03b 2.71+0.12b T4 13.00+0.42a 5.57+0.19b 211.17±0.57e 0.13+0.0021b 200.98+3.39c 42.36+0.26c 0.86+0.02b 2.70+0.01b 5 CK 15.00+0.14b 5.51+0.05ab 209.87±1.53d 0.15+0.008b 209.80+3.95c 42.49+0.48d 0.72+0.06b 3.72+0.07c T1 13.50+0.19c 5.82+0.03a 222.05±1.64b 0.20+0.005a 221.96+2.95b 49.58+2.19b 0.85+0.02a 4.45+0.40a T2 13.66+0.20c 4.96+0.17b 234.39±0.34a 0.18+0.016a 232.20+3.29a 53.99+0.35a 0.87+0.08a 3.76+0.04c T3 15.60+0.39a 4.45+0.13c 215.36±2.19c 0.15+0.007b 231.72+1.21a 52.30+2.67ab 0.85+0.08a 4.38+0.06ab T4 15.60+0.03a 4.33+0.12c 181.09±0.26e 0.15+0.011b 214.77+4.16c 46.46+0.86c 0.72+0.06b 4.05+0.10bc F 值 F-value 愈合时间Healing time（T） 89.31** 63.08** 2590.96 **314.54** 2429.31 **4699.07 **34.47** 160.18** 光强处理 Light intensity treatments（Tr） 23.29** 38.14** 697.07** 74.94** 186.15** 250.28** 13.43** 10.76** T×Tr 8.67** 13.22** 121.81** 21.72** 54.4** 33.85** 3.77** 18.69** 注：表中数据为平均值±标准差。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著性（P＜0.05）。**，P＜0.01。下同。 Note: Data in the table are average ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05). **，P＜0.01. Same as below.
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表 3 高密度愈合不同时间后扦插番茄嫁接苗成活率与植株生长指标间的相关系数
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between survival rate and growth indexes of cutting tomato grafted seedlings under different time of high density healing
愈合时间
Healing time/d株高
Plant height茎粗
Stem diameter叶面积
Leaf area根冠比
Root shoot ratio总根长
Total root length根面积
Root surface area根体积
Root volume根直径
Root diameter3 −0.669 0.583 0.734 0.700 0.845 0.743 0.649 0.675 5 −0.902* 0.789 0.904* 0.774 0.307 0.311 0.605 −0.099 注：*显著相关（P＜0.05）。
Note: * significant correlation (P<0.05).
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