不同光强梯度对番茄两段式嫁接苗愈合及生长的影响

    Effects of different light intensities on the healing and growth of grafted seedlings in two-stage grafting of tomato seedlings

    • 摘要: 为解决番茄两段式嫁接育苗中如何在高密度环境下快速愈合及扦插后快速生根的问题,该研究以番茄品种‘粉都153’为接穗、‘金钻’为砧木,对其进行双断根嫁接,研究嫁接苗在愈合期(1~2、3~4、5 d)不同光强梯度30-60-90(CK)、40-80-120(T1)、50-100-150(T2)、60-120-180(T3)、70-140-210 μmol/(m2·s)(T4)下的愈合情况,并将不同光强下的嫁接苗分别高密度愈合1、3和5 d后扦插,判断植株生长情况。结果表明,T1、T2处理的嫁接苗成活率较高,且与CK差异不显著(P>0.05);T1处理下嫁接苗的愈合最快,且切口处具有较高的抗氧化酶活性及光合色素含量,较低的超氧阴离子含量;不同光强处理3 d后扦插嫁接苗的成活率较高,其中T1和T2处理的最高,不同光强处理1 d后扦插各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05),处理5 d后扦插成活率降低;对扦插嫁接苗的生长进行综合评价,T1处理1、3、5 d后扦插,嫁接苗的根系及地上部生长均最好,其次为T2、T3在第5 天时扦插也表现出较好的效果。综合考虑,在番茄两段式嫁接的高密度愈合阶段,在1~2、3~4、5 d愈合期采用40-80-120 μmol/(m2·s)的光强管理模式对愈合最为有利,且最好在3 d内进行扦插,可更好地保证成活率及嫁接苗的质量。

       

      Abstract: Tomato is one of the most popular vegetable crops with the largest facility cultivation in China. Succession barriers, soil-borne diseases, and environmental stresses can often occur in actual production, leading to decreasing quality and yield. Fortunately, grafting has been one of the most effective operations to control the major diseases for the high resistance in recent years. Among them, two-stage grafting of tomatoes can be expected to cultivate high-quality seedling resistance. It is of great significance to precise control the light environment for better grafting during the healing and cutting stages. However, it is unclear on the specific parameters of the light environment during two-stage grafting. This study aims to explore the effects of different light intensities on the healing and growth of grafted seedlings in the two-stage grafting of tomatoes. The double-cut grafted seedlings rapidly healed and then took root after cutting under a high-density environment. The strong seedlings were cultivated after optimization. The grafted seedlings were then placed in a self-developed container made of acrylic and high-density foam board. The light intensity was selected to regulate the light environment at the ratio of red, blue, and green light during the healing period. The tomato variety 'Fendu 153' was used as the scion, while the 'Jinzuan' was used as the rootstock. The healing status and root regeneration of grafted seedlings were investigated under different light intensity gradients of 30-60-90 (CK), 40-80-120 (T1), 50-100-150 (T2), 60-120-180 (T3), and 70-140-210 (T4) μmol/(m2·s) during the healing period (1-2, 3-4, and 5 d). The grafted seedlings were cut under different light intensities after high-density healing for 1, 3, and 5 d, respectively, in order to evaluate the growth of plants. The growth indexes were measured, such as the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot ratio, and length, as well as surface area, diameter, and volume of root. The results showed that a higher survival rate of grafted seedlings was achieved in the T1 and T2 treatments. There was no significant difference, compared with the CK. The grafted seedlings under T1 treatment shared the fastest healing, the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, the content of photosynthetic pigment, and the lower content of superoxide anion at the incision. There was a higher survival rate of cuttings after 3 d of treatment with the different light intensities. Among them, T1 and T2 treatments presented the highest. There was no significant difference among the treatments at 1 d of treatment with different light intensities. But the survival rate of cuttings decreased after 5 d. After evaluation on the growth of cutting grated seedlings, the root and above-ground growth of grafted seedlings were the best after T1 treatment for 1, 3, and 5 d, followed by T2, T3 at 5 d. In summary, the most favorable healing was achieved in the light intensity mode of 40-80-120 μmol/ (m2·s) at 1-2, 3-4, and 5 d, respectively. The best performance was obtained to cut within 3 d during the high-density healing stage of two-stage grafted tomato, in terms of the survival rate and the quality of grafted seedlings. The finding can also provide technical support to the two-stage grafted seedling of tomatoes.

       

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