不同光强梯度对番茄两段式嫁接苗愈合及生长的影响

    Effects of different light intensity on the healing and growth of grafted seedlings in the two-stage grafting of tomato

    • 摘要: 为解决番茄两段式嫁接育苗中如何促进高密度环境下快速愈合及扦插后快速生根,从而培育壮苗,该研究以番茄品种‘粉都153’为接穗、‘金钻’为砧木,对其进行双断根嫁接,研究嫁接苗在愈合期(1~2 d、3~4 d、5 d)不同光强梯度30-60-90(CK)、40-80-120(T1)、50-100-150(T2)、60-120-180(T3)、70-140-210(T4)μmol/(m2·s)下的愈合情况,并将不同光强下的嫁接苗分别高密度愈合1 d、3 d和5 d后扦插,判断植株生长情况。结果表明,T1、T2处理的嫁接苗成活率较高,且与CK差异不显著;T1处理下嫁接苗的愈合最快,且切口处具有较高的抗氧化酶活性及光合色素含量,较低的超氧阴离子含量;不同光强处理3 d后扦插嫁接苗的成活率较高,其中T1和T2处理的最高,不同光强处理1 d后扦插各处理间无显著差异,处理5 d后扦插成活率降低;对扦插嫁接苗的生长进行综合评价,T1处理1、3、5 d后扦插,嫁接苗的根系及地上部生长均最好,其次为T2、T3在第5 天时扦插也表现出较好的效果。综合考虑,在番茄两段式嫁接的高密度愈合阶段,在1~2 d、3~4 d、5 d愈合期采用40-80-120 μmol/(m2·s)的光强管理模式对愈合最为有利,且最好在3 d内进行扦插,可更好地保证成活率及嫁接苗的质量。

       

      Abstract: Tomato is the vegetable crop with the largest facility cultivation in China. In actual production, it often encounters problems such as succession barriers, soil-borne diseases and environmental stresses, leading to a decrease in its quality and yield. Grafting is currently one of the most effective methods to control major diseases and improve plant resistance. Two-stage grafting of tomato can reduce the cost of seedling enterprise and cultivate high-quality grafted seedlings to improve seedling resistance. Achieving precise control of light environment during healing and cutting stages is of great significance to optimize grafting technology. However, there is little research on the regulation of light environment during the two-stage grafting of tomato process, and the specific light environment parameters are not clear. In the two-stage grafting of tomato, to make the double-cut grafted seedlings heal quickly under high density environment and take root quickly after cutting, so as to cultivate strong seedlings, the grafted seedlings were placed in a self-made container made of acrylic and high-density foam board, and the light intensity at the ratio of red, blue and green light was used during the healing period. The tomato variety 'Fendu 153' was used as scion and 'Jinzuan' was used as rootstock to investigate the healing status and root regeneration of grafted seedlings under different light intensity gradients of 30-60-90 (CK), 40-80-120 (T1), 50-100-150 (T2), 60-120-180 (T3), 70-140-210 (T4) μmol/(m2·s) during the healing period (1~2 d, 3~4 d, 5 d), and cut the grafted seedlings under different light intensities after high density healing for 1 d, 3 d and 5 d, respectively, to judge the growth of plants. So growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot ratio, and length, surface area,diameter, volume of root were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of grafted seedlings treated with T1 and T2 was higher, and the difference was not significant compared with CK. The grafted seedlings under T1 treatment had the fastest healing, higher antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigment content, and lower superoxide anion content at the incision. The survival rate of cuttings after 3 d of treatment with different light intensities was higher, among which T1 and T2 treatments were the highest, there was no significant difference between the treatments at 1 d of treatment with different light intensities, but the survival rate of cuttings decreased after 5 d. After comprehensive evaluation to the growth of cutting grated seedlings, the root and above ground growth of grafted seedlings were the best after T1 treatment for 1 d, 3 d and 5 d, followed by T2, T3 also showed a good effect at 5 d. Overall consideration, during the high density healing stage of tomato two-stage grafting, the light intensity management mode of 40-80-120 μmol/(m2·s) at 1~2 d, 3~4 d and 5 d, respectively, is the most favorable to healing, and it is best to cut within 3 d to ensure the survival rate and the quality of grafted seedlings.The study can provide technical support for the establishment of tomato two-stage grafting seedling system.

       

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