圆形喷灌机不同尾枪组合的水量分布特性及优化

    Test and optimization of the water distribution characteristics for end gun combination on circular sprinkler irrigation machine

    • 摘要: 为了解决圆形喷灌机灌溉方形田块出现四角漏喷的问题,通常在悬臂末端安装尾枪以扩大灌溉面积,尾枪型号要与机组长度及入机流量相适配,以提升尾枪灌溉区域的喷洒均匀性。该研究以国内常见的两跨加悬臂、整机长度131.2 m 的圆形喷灌机为例,以美国XCAD USA公司的AXIS-Ⅱ型旋转阻尼式喷头和奥地利Komet公司的Twin 101 Plus型垂直摇臂式喷头为对象,开展圆形喷灌机安装2种尾枪在单独和组合工作时,不同喷嘴直径和工作压力工况下的尾枪灌溉区域径向及环向水量分布特性测试。结果表明,AXIS-Ⅱ型尾枪的喷灌均匀性优于Twin101 Plus,前者的径向和环向均匀系数分别为64.1%~88.6%和80.2%~88.3%,后者的径向和环向均匀系数分别为49.3%~64.4%和79.7%~86.6%。优化喷嘴直径和工作压力组合后,2种尾枪单独工作时,不同工况下的径向均匀系数相比较,可提升约10个百分点;尾枪组合工作时的径向均匀系数可提高至79.4%,环向均匀系数最高可达89.0%,与单尾枪相比径向和环向的变异系数分别降低至35.1%和15.8%。对于整机长度相近的两跨加悬臂圆形喷灌机,2种尾枪组合工作的最优方案为AXIS-Ⅱ型尾枪选用15 mm喷嘴直径和工作压力200 kPa,Twin101 Plus型尾枪选用20 mm喷嘴直径和工作压力300 kPa。研究结果可为圆形喷灌机的尾枪选型和提升整机水力性能提供技术支撑。

       

      Abstract: End guns (also called sprinklers) have been typically used to expand the irrigation area under center pivot irrigation systems, particularly in the four corners of square fields. The irrigation quality can also depend mainly on the irrigation uniformity of end guns that are installed at the end of the overhang. Therefore, it is very necessary to match the length and inlet flow rate of the irrigation system during end gun selection and configuration. This study aims to optimize the water distribution for the end gun combination on the center pivot irrigation systems, in order to improve the irrigation quality and the overall performance. The test platform was taken as the commonly used center pivot irrigation system with a total length of 131.2 m, including two spans and an overhang. Two end guns were also installed at the end of the overhang, such as the AXIS-II rotary damping sprinkler (from XCAD USA Company) and the Twin101 Plus vertical impact sprinkler (from Austria's Komet Company). The water distribution was then evaluated under various combinations of nozzle diameters and operating pressures. The result showed that the irrigation uniformity of the AXIS-II end gun was better than that of the Twin 101 Plus. The radial uniformity coefficient for the AXIS-II ranged from 64.1% to 88.6%, and the circular uniformity coefficient ranged from 80.2% to 88.3%. In contrast, the radial uniformity coefficient for the Twin101 Plus ranged from 49.3% to 64.4%, while the circular uniformity coefficient ranged from 79.7% to 86.6%. The irrigation uniformity coefficient was improved to optimize the combination of nozzle diameter and working pressure. Specifically, the uniformity coefficient along the lateral pipe was improved by approximately 10 percentage points for both types of end guns working separately. Once AXIS-II and Twin101 Plus end guns were combined, the radial and circular uniformity coefficients increased to 79.4% and 89.0%, respectively. Correspondingly, the radial and circular variation coefficients were reduced to 35.1% and 15.8%, respectively. As such, there was a significant improvement in the water distribution uniformity, when the two sprinklers operated in combination. Especially, the irrigation depth increased near the end gun area within 144.2 m of the pivot point, leading to the high uniformity of water distribution. The optimal combination of end guns was recommended as the AXIS-II end gun (with a nozzle diameter of 15 mm, and operating pressure of 200 kPa) and the Twin101 Plus end gun (with a nozzle diameter of 20 mm, and operating pressure of 300 kPa). This configuration was very suitable for the center pivot irrigation systems with two spans and an overhang at a similar overall length. An irrigation uniformity coefficient (CUH) of 85% was achieved, fully meeting the national standards. And an effective range reached 0.89 times, thus exceeding the standard requirement of 0.75 times. Anyway, the combination of end guns effectively improved the irrigation performance. Two types of sprinklers were combined to optimize the nozzle diameter and operating pressure, in order to obtain the high irrigation uniformity of end guns on center pivot irrigation systems. The hydraulic performance of end guns was improved to reduce water waste. The resulting optimal performance of the irrigation system can also be expected to enhance the crop yield and quality. Furthermore, the finding can also provide strong reference and technical support to the end gun selection and optimal configuration in the center pivot irrigation system.

       

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