亲水胶体复合醋酸酯淀粉对速冻蒸饺面皮冻藏及冻融品质的影响

    Effect of hydrophilic gum composite acetate starch on freezing and freeze-thawing quality of quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers

    • 摘要: 为研究速冻蒸饺面皮在冻藏和冻融状态下的品质,将醋酸酯淀粉(acetylated starch)、可得然胶(curdlan)和卡拉胶(carrageenan)按照固定比例复合添加入面皮,以空白作为对照,经不同冻藏时间和冻融周期处理,分析面皮复蒸后的含水率、可冻结水含量、色泽及质构变化,并通过流变仪、低场核磁共振、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等检测手段,进一步揭示对其流变特性、水分状态、蛋白质二级结构以及微观结构的影响机制。结果表明:经28 d冻藏或5次冻融处理后,添加AsCC(acetate starch composited with curdlan and carrageenan)的面皮经冻藏和冻融后的水分流失率相较对照组分别显著下降6.24%及5.03%(P<0.05),可冻结水含量分别以27.21%和26.75%显著低于对照组(P<0.05),提高了速冻蒸饺面皮的保水性;AsCC组面皮在冻藏和冻融下的亮度L*分别达到65.84及66.58,相同冻藏冻融条件下显著高于对照组(P<0.05),保证了速冻蒸饺面皮的外部色泽;AsCC组面皮冻藏和冻融下的硬度和弹性分别达到12.54 N·cm−2及0.87,其胶着性、咀嚼性以及剪切力也均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),有效改善了速冻蒸饺面皮的质构特性。在相同冻藏或冻融条件下,AsCC组面皮的储能模量G'和损耗模量G"显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其内部强结合水峰比例A21显著提高、自由水峰比例A23显著下降(P<0.05),有效改善了速冻蒸饺面皮的黏弹性及其保水能力;并且AsCC组下α-螺旋和β-折叠等蛋白质二级有序结构占比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),微观视野下面皮面筋蛋白网络结构更加致密均匀,极大提升了速冻蒸饺面皮在长期冻藏和反复冻融下的结构稳定性。该研究将亲水胶体与变性淀粉复用,可为速冻蒸饺及其他速冻预制面食品的冻藏或冻融品质提升提供理论参考。

       

      Abstract: Quick-frozen steamed dumplings, a new type of frozen prepared food, the finished product will be processed steamed dumplings in the initial steaming and cooked immediately after the low-temperature freezing, to maintain the best taste and texture, consumers can eat after the purchase of a simple second steaming, because of its delicious taste and easy to cook, in recent years, by the popular groups and the group meal industry welcome. Currently, quick-frozen steamed dumplings are widely acclaimed by consumers in the prepared food industry, however, few studies related to their quality control have been reported. Acetylated Starch, Curdlan and Carrageenan were compounded and applied to quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers in the proportions of 6.54%, 0.52% and 0.65%, respectively, and the blank was used as the control. The changes in water content, freezable water content, color and texture of quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers were analyzed after retempering in fixed freezing and freeze-thawing cycles, and the influences on the rheological properties, water status, protein secondary structure and microstructure were further revealed by means of rheometer, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that after 28 d of freezing or five freeze-thawing treatments, the water content of quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers in the control group decreased significantly and the freezable water content increased significantly after re-steaming (P<0.05), while the rate of water loss after re-steaming of the wrappers with the addition of AsCC (Acetate Starch Composited with Curdlan and Carrageenan) was significantly slower and the freezable water content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), improving the water retention capacity of quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers. The brightness L* after re-steaming of the quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers in the AsCC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), which ensured the external sensory color of the quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers. In the control group, the hardness, elasticity and shear force of the wrappers decreased significantly (P<0.05) after re-steaming; after adding AsCC, all kinds of texture indexes of the wrappers decreased slowly, which improved the texture characteristics of the quick-frozen steamed dumplings. Under the same freezing and thawing conditions, the elastic modulus G' and viscous modulus G” of the AsCC group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the content of strongly bound water in the AsCC group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), which effectively improved the viscoelasticity and water retention capacity of the quick-frozen dumpling wrappers. In addition, the proportion of protein secondary structures such as α-helices and β-folds in the AsCC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the network structure of gluten proteins in the wrappers was denser and uniform in the microscopic field of view, which greatly improved the structural stability of the quick-frozen steamed dumpling wrappers in long-term freezing storage and repeated freezing and thawing. In this study, the compounding of hydrocolloids with modified starch can provide theoretical references for the improvement of frozen storage or freeze-thawing quality of quick-frozen steamed dumplings and other quick-frozen prepared noodle foods.

       

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