Abstract: Cultivated land can greatly contribute to national food security and sustainable agriculture. It is of great significance to determine the zones of arable land quality in recent years. The constraints of cultivated land quality can also be alleviated to realize the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation system of cultivated land quality was constructed from the dimensions of the production (such as suitability, connectivity, and resistance) and the ecological stress. The production characteristics of cultivated land in China were evaluated and then graded from the grid scale. The k-means clustering method was adopted to determine the ecological stress factors. A four-dimensional spatial concept model was used to characterize the combination of "suitability- connectivity-resistance-ecological stress" of cultivated land. The comprehensive zoning of cultivated land quality improvement was established to combine the number of disadvantageous dimensions and the principle of relative advantage. The results showed that: 1) Production characteristics and ecological stress were integrated to construct the evaluation system of cultivated land quality. The classification was performed better on the quality characteristics of cultivated land resources. Effective support was also provided for the production-ecological coordination of cultivated land quality improvement. 2) There were significant spatial differences in the suitability, connectivity, resistance, and ecological stress of cultivated land resources. The cultivated land shared high and moderate suitability, indicating a decreasing trend from the east to the west. The spatial pattern of connectivity for the cultivated land was "high in the northeast and low in the southwest". There were widely distributed areas in a large quantity of cultivated land with moderate resistance. While there were spatially concentrated areas in the small quantity of high, low, and poor stress-resistant cultivated land. Specifically, the cultivated land with ecological stress was widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-hai Plain, Northern arid and semiarid region, Northeast China Plain, and Loess Plateau. 3) The areas of cultivated land quality were divided into six zones: conservation and utilization, suitability improvement, spatial optimization, facility improvement, comprehensive enhancement, and ecological restoration zone. Corresponding strategies were proposed for the construction, utilization regulation, and management of cultivated land, according to the characteristics of different zones. The finding can also provide a strong reference to guide and coordinate the improvement of cultivated land quality, according to the local conditions in the new era. The efficiency of resource allocation was enhanced to realize the national strategy of food security, such as storing grain on the land.