Abstract: The high value utilization of agricultural waste has emerged as an exceedingly attractive and highly challenging topic in the context of the "dual carbon" goal. Hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, is widely recognized as the key to solving future energy crises and environmental pollution problems. Hydrogen, when produced and utilized properly, produces only water as a by-product, making it an ideal candidate for a sustainable energy transition. The technology of hydrogen production by water electrolysis has received a great deal of attention due to its green and sustainable characteristics. However, its large-scale application is severely limited by the development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER is a critical step in water electrolysis, and a high-performance catalyst is needed to lower the energy barrier and increase the reaction rate. In this study, biomass pomelo peel powder was ingeniously selected as the carbon source to reduces the cost and environmental impact associated with traditional carbon sources. Amine metatungstate (AMT) was employed as the tungsten source. A biomass carbon-based composite catalyst material (WC/C) with nanosized tungsten carbide (WC) particles supported on carbon sheets was carefully prepared through a molten salt carbonization method. This method allows for precise control over the particle size and distribution of the WC nanoparticles on the carbon sheets, which is crucial for the catalyst's performance. To further enhance the performance of the WC/C catalyst, dicyandiamide and cysteine were added as the nitrogen source and sulfur source respectively. The exploration of N and S element doping on the structure, composition, and HER performance of the WC/C catalyst material was carried out with great care. N-S doping is expected to introduce new electronic states and structural defects in the catalyst, which may improve its catalytic activity. The results show that N and S element doping can significantly improve the HER activity of the WC/C@N-S catalyst. By altering the electronic structure of WC and generating lattice defects, the doping promotes electron transfer. The enhanced electron transfer allows for a more efficient utilization of the electric current during the water electrolysis process. Moreover, the generation of lattice defects increases the specific surface area, providing more active sites for the HER. When the hydrogen evolution performance in a 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution through water electrolysis was tested, the overpotential required for the WC/C@N-S catalyst to achieve a cathode current density of 10 mA/cm² was 158 mV, and the Tafel slope was 68 mV/dec. These results are quite remarkable compared to many existing HER catalysts, demonstrating excellent HER performance. The findings of this study provide a new and far reaching ideas for the high value utilization of agricultural biomass resources. It shows that agricultural waste can be transformed into high-performance catalyst materials, opening up new avenues for the circular economy in the agricultural sector. Additionally, the use of biomass carbon sources to replace traditional carbon sources in the preparation of low-cost novel hydrogen evolution catalysts has the potential to revolutionize the hydrogen production industry, making hydrogen production more accessible and sustainable in the long run.