异质膜材多层包膜尿素养分释放特征及其数学模拟

    Nutrient release characteristics of multi-layer coated urea and their mathematical simulation

    • 摘要: 为了明确以水溶性树脂(氯乙烯偏氯乙烯、丙烯酸脂)为主包膜材料、脂溶性改性石油C9树脂为辅助材料的多层包膜尿素的养分释放特征,采用3×4双因素随机区组设计,其中因素一为改性C9石油树脂内保护层包膜用量,设3个水平,即每平方米尿素表面积喷涂5、10、15 g改性C9石油树脂;因素二为水溶性树脂包膜用量,设4个水平,即每平方米尿素表面积喷涂30、40、50、60 g水溶性树脂。采用流化包衣技术制备共12种供试样品,所有供试样品均在水溶性树脂包膜层外再喷涂10 g/m2改性C9石油树脂。然后采用1:5肥水比的恒温静水培养法检测了供试肥料的养分释放曲线并对其进行数学模拟。结果表明,通过Richards方程的特征参数判断可知其中10个供试样品的养分释放曲线为S型,说明了采用水溶性树脂为主和脂溶性树脂为辅所制的多层尿素可以实现养分的S型释放。改性C9内保护层的作用主要体现在改变养分释放曲线形状上,内保护层由5 g/m2增加至10 g/m2,曲线趋向于S型,30~60 g/m2水溶性树脂包膜层4组处理的最大养分释放速度出现的时间点分别推迟22.6、49.3、74.9和39.4 d,进一步增加至15 g/m2,最大养分释放速率出现的时间点不变或者轻微地提前。水溶性树脂包膜层的主要作用是控制养分释放速率,包膜层厚度由30 g/m2逐渐增加至60 g/m2显著延长了包膜尿素的肥效期,其肥效期为75.0~287.1 d。综上可知,以改性石油C9树脂为保护层的水溶性树脂包膜尿素可实现养分的S型释放;使用5~10 g/m2改性C9作内保护层、30~60 g/m2水溶性树脂作为包膜层、10 g/m2改性C9作为外保护层,采用流化包衣技术可制造肥效期约为75.0~287.1 d的符合国家相关标准包膜控释氮肥产品。该研究可为水溶性树脂包膜肥料的制造工艺提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The double-factors randomized block design was applied to find out the nutrient release characteristics of multi-layer coated urea, which were coated with water soluble resin (a mixture of vinyl chloride acrylate and vinylidene chloride acrylate) as the primary coating material and C9 modified petroleum resin as the subsidiary material. So 12 coated ureas were prepared as 12 treatments that were made through a fluid-coating technique, that were accompanied with a factor of modified C9 petroleum resin as the inner protection layer with 3 levels of 5, 10, and 15 g per square meter of the kernel fertilizer surface, and another factor of water soluble resin as the middle coated layer with 4 levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 g per square meter of the kernel fertilizer surface. In addition all coated urea had an outer layer of 10 g C9 modified petroleum resin per square meter of the kernelfertilizer surface. After that, nitrogen release from coated urea was tested, which were in static pure water under a constant temperature of 25℃ with fertilizer and water ratio of 1 vs 5, and further a Richards function was applied to describe nitrogen release, then the result was tested and parameters calculated were used to evaluate the release characteristics of coated urea with different coating materials. Therefore, the aim was to offer some theoretical foundation for the improvement and development of manufacture technology of multi-layer coated urea and its scientific application. The results were as follows. First, it was estimated that there existed 10 sigmoid curves in 12 nutrient release curves through the shape parameter of the Richards function, it was deduced that their release curve may be sigmoid that was coated with water soluble resin and modified C9 petroleum resin. Secondly, it found that the modified C9 petroleum resin inner layer mainly induced action on the curve shape, and the curve shape would tend to sigmoid when the inner layer added from 5 to 10 g/m2. Meanwhile the time of maximum nutrient release speed was delayed by 22.6, 49.3, 74.9, and 39.4 d. Then it increased to 15 g/m2 further, the shape of curve was not varied that the time of max nutrient release speed had not moved or only was brought forward lightly. Thirdly, it showed that a water soluble resin coating layer played a significant role in the nutrient release rate, the longevity was significantly increased with the thickness of middle coated layer added, with that the coating material from 30 added to 60 g/m2 by a step of 10 g/m2, and the range of longevity was definitely between 75.0 and 287.1 d. In summary, the water soluble resin coated urea with a protection layer of water-insoluble material was achievable to release nutrients according to sigmoid. And then multi-layer coated urea could be made with a inner layer of 5 to 10 g/m2 C9 modified petroleum resin, a outer layer of 10 g/m2 C9 modified petroleum resin, and with from 30 to 60 g/m2 water soluble resin coating material, with the products achieving longevity of from 75.0 to 287.1 d, and those products complied with the relevant national standards of controlled release fertilizer.

       

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