Abstract: Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive discussion on the macro-background and real requirements of Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation in a transitional period in the perspective of transformational development of Chinese socio-economy, and then undertook a further study to sum up the key research fields and basic directions of Chinese rural land comprehensive consolidation, which have made theoretical and practical significance of solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and promoting rural and urban integrated development. The results have shown Chinese socio-economy has been in a key stage of transformational development with many kinds of acute contradictions, while Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation can systematical break the urban-rural dual structure and make progress in integrating economic and social development in urban and rural areas, and it should promote new rural construction and rural-urban integrated development based on the rural areas. Agricultural land consolidation, land development that is suitable to cultivation, and rural residential land consolidation have been the key research fields and core contents of Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation. And the development of socio-economy has a characteristic of stages, and China will be entered into modernized society in the middle of the 21st century as a whole. Chinese future rural-land comprehensive consolidation should be focused on the following aspects: (1) based on the improvement of ecological environment, it should take ecological civilization construction into the whole progress of rural land consolidation, and complete spatial pattern of landscape diversity in the ecological system. (2) in the purpose of adopting to the requirements of modernized agricultural development, which are specialization, standardization, scale, and intensive development, it should make an technological systems integration of rural land comprehensive consolidation in the following aspects, which separately are key consolidation issues, engineering standards, construction models, and operation modes, and the aims are to develop the agricultural mechanization level and promote the raising of farmers' income. (3) taking rural- urban integration as the purpose, on the premise of clearing farmers' land property rights, and based on the criteria of maintaining farmers' reasonable benefits, it should guarantee farmers' land value increment and realize the transition from government-dominated to government-guiding. (4) based on the diversity of nature, economy, and society in Chinese regions, it should enhance the three characteristics of rural land, which can be stated as resource, property, and capital; and make demonstration effects of rural land comprehensive consolidation prominent by the way of undertaking contiguous consolidation. Meanwhile, based on the multi-functionality of rural land comprehensive consolidation, it should make assessments on the social, economical, and ecological effects of land comprehensive consolidation in multi-regions and multi-dimensions. This paper considered that it should enhance the fund raising and benefits distribution, strengthen the adjustment of land property rights, and promote the innovations of rural-land comprehensive consolidation systems and mechanisms in the process of rural land comprehensive consolidation. In addition, based on the current stage of regional socio-economical development and basic conditions of rural infrastructure facilities, it should choose a transitional path of rural land comprehensive consolidation, which is in accordance with the actual regional situation, to promote the interactive development of urban and rural areas.