Abstract: Abstract: During the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the shortage of land resources have become a serious problem limiting the improvement of social economic development. A recognized better way and a key method to solve the land resource shortage problem, especially for the arable land, is to encourage farmers to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. This paper is based on the study framework of the farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land and the rural survey data of 579 households in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The principal component analysis method and structural equation model are implemented in this the research. Firstly, the principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of indicators. Eight indicators are excluded and eleven indicators are reserved to be utilized as the influence factors in the Structural Equation Model. All the eleven indicators are classified into three kinds of groups. They are household family features, household produce features and household awareness features. Secondly, the Structural Equation Model is applied to analyze the influence factors and the influence direction of farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. The results are as follows: Four indicators in the group of household family characteristics, household per capita income, the distance from county, the total income of the family, and the education degree of the householder, affect the farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land positively. Three indicators in the group of household production characteristics, total agricultural income, farmland area and the number of labor in family, show a positive influence on farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. Four indicators in the group of household awareness characteristics, the awareness of property right, the awareness of behavior, the awareness of welfare, and the awareness of nonagricultural skills, have a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. It could be concluded that famers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land is affected by a variety of factors and that all of the influencing factors have a covariance relationship with each other. The meaning of analyzing the influence factors of farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land could provide a reference for the development of reasonable rural land quitting policies and mechanisms.