冻融循环老化降低竹粉/聚丙烯发泡复合材料性能

    Freeze-thaw cycles weathering degrading properties of bamboo flour-polypropylene foamed composites

    • 摘要: 竹粉/聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)发泡复合材料具有密度低、比强度高等优点,为了探讨期老化规律,该文研究冻融循环对不同竹粉含量(0,20%,33%和42%)的发泡复合材料的材色、物理力学性能、热学性能的影响,并结合环境扫描电镜(environmental scanning electronic microscopy,ESEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)对复合材料的表面形貌及化学结构进行分析。结果表明:随着竹粉含量增加,冻融循环老化对复合材料的材色和物理力学性能影响越明显,且随着冻融循环次数的增加,复合材料产生的色差越大,力学性能降低越多。9次冻融循环后,0、20%、33%和42%竹粉/PP发泡复合材料产生的色差ΔE*分别为0.9、2.4、7.0和9.9,弯曲模量、弯曲强度、拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度的保留率分别为95.2%~99.1%、97.3%~98.9%、94.9%~97.5%和92.0%~95.6%。热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TG)结果表明,9次冻融循环老化后,0和33%竹粉/PP发泡复合材料的初始热分解温度分别下降了19和8℃。ESEM显示,老化后复合材料表面出现少量的裂纹以及褶皱,且少量的表层高分子层脱落。FITR测试结果发现,冻融循环过程中复合材料的木材指数减少,表明材料表面的竹粉颗粒损失,且基体PP的基团峰强度减弱。该研究可为进一步探索竹塑发泡复合材料的老化规律,制定产品标准提供试验数据和理论参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The wood-plastic foamed composites have lower density and higher specific strengths than wood-plastic composites (WPC) and thus have wide applications in fields such as building, decoration, packing, and the automobile industry. Previous studies showed that the weathering causes color fading, strength weakening, chemical changes of WPC, thereby restricting the specific outdoor applications of WPC. In order to explore their weathering mechanism and broaden their outdoor applications, it is of great importance to evaluate the durability of BF/PP foamed composites. The objective of this research was to study the impact of weathering of freeze-thaw cycle on the physical and thermal properties of bamboo flour-polypropylene foamed composite. The foamed composites of bamboo flour (BF), high melted strength polypropylene (HMSPP), polypropylene (PP), 1% modified azodicarbonamide (AC) foaming agent, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent blends were prepared by injection molding. The composites with different BF contents of 0, 20%, 33% and 42% were exposed to accelerated cycling of water immersion followed by freeze thaw at the temperature of -40?60℃ for 0, 3, 6, and 9 cycles. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles accelerated weathering on the color change and the physico-mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the foamed composites were investigated. The surfaces morphology of composites non-weathered and freeze-thaw cycles weathered were investigated by (Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscopy, ESEM) and the chemical structures were also analyzed by FTIR. The results showed that the composites at higher BF content exhibited greater color change and larger decreases in physico-mechanical properties especially the tensile and impact strengths as compared to the one without weathering. The negative effects of the weathering increased with the growing number of freeze-thaw cycles. The color change ΔE* of 0, 20%, 33%, and 42% BF/PP composites after nine times freeze-thaw cycles were 0.9, 2.4, 7.0, and 9.9, respectively. The corresponding lightness change ΔL*, redness change Δa*, and yellowness change Δb* of 42% BF/PP composite were 8.7, 1.3, and 4.7, respectively. The retentions of flexural modulus, and bending, tensile, and notched impact strengths of 0%, 20%, 33%, and 42% BF/PP composites were 95.2% - 99.1%, 97.3% - 98.9%, 94.9% - 97.5%, and 92.0% - 95.6%, respectively. The freeze-thaw cycles slightly affected the thermal behavior of composites as the initial temperature of thermal decomposition (Ti) for the 0% and 33% BF/PP foamed composite after nine times freeze-thaw cycles reduced by 19℃ and 8℃, respectively. ESEM observation revealed that the surfaces of freeze-thaw cycles weathered composites were no longer smooth; and the micro cracks and folds appeared; meanwhile, some parts of the polymers layers dropped off. FTIR analysis indicated that the wood index (the ratio of the peak intensity at 2 912 cm-1 and the peak intensity at 1 023 cm-1) reduced and the bamboo particles of the composites surfaces lost and the intensity of the groups for PP decreased due to the freeze-thaw cycles weathering.

       

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