感潮河网地区城镇化对排涝模数的影响分析

    Impact of urbanization on drainage modulus in tidal river networks

    • 摘要: 随着城镇化发展,感潮河网地区下垫面原有的透水层逐渐被不透水层替代,涝水的产汇流过程发生了改变;同时排涝期间受外江潮水位顶托,涝灾风险加剧,合理的确定排涝模数对于涝灾治理具有重要意义。针对感潮河网地区的排水特点,建立了区域二层排涝模数计算模型。模型将全区域划分为城镇子排区和农业子排区,在子排区层面分别利用SWMM模型和广东综合单位线法进行建模,然后在子排区共同的排水通道(内河道)层面建立全排区的河网区水动力学模型。利用该模型,以广州市大岗排区为背景,研究了城镇化对该排区排涝模数的影响。结果表明:2003-2012年,大岗排区城镇化面积占有率由9.69%提高到24.25%,在20年一遇的同等排涝标准下,排涝模数由1.766 m3/(s·km2)提高到2.808 m3/(s·km2),泵站设计流量需由122 m3/s提高到194 m3/s;当排涝模数均为1.766 m3/(s·km2)时,2003年能够满足20年一遇的排涝标准,而2012年只能满足约15年一遇的排涝标准,同一排涝模数下,城镇化降低了排区的排涝标准。该研究可为城镇化背景下感潮河网地区排涝模数的计算方法选择及其合理取值提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Drainage modulus is the rate of water removal per unit of area used in drainage design. Reasonable drainage modulus is of great importance for waterlogging control. With the urbanization in tidal river networks,more and more impermeable areas are gradually replacing original permeable areas, thus changing the rainfall-runoff process of drainage areas. Different from rural areas, storm water in urban areas is collected by drainage pipe network,routing storm water runoff directly to main pipes or channels, causing less infiltration, but more overland runoff. Urbanization, with the loss of vegetation and replacement of soil with impervious surfaces, makes traditional computing methods of drainage modulus inadequate for urbanized areas. While inland river stage is affected by tidal backwater in tidal river networks, waterlogging risks increase. Based on the characteristics of urbanized drainage areas in tidal river networks, a two-layer computing model of drainage modulus was built. In the model, the catchment of first layer was divided into two sub-drainage areas, urban and rural, which adopted SWMM and Guangzhou comprehensive unit hydrograph method to establish rainfall-runoff models, respectively. On the second layer, based on their shared drainage channels (rivers), a river networks dynamic model was established by MIKE11 HD. Lateral inflows of rainfall runoff were derived from the simulated data of first layer, coupled with MIKE11 HD. Using the Dagang drainage area as a case study, the impact of urbanization on drainage modulus was studied through this two-layer computing model of drainage modulus. Drainage modulus under different designed rainstorm in 2003 and in 2012 was calculated. The relationship between drainage modulus and return periods under different underlying surface condition in 2003 and 2012 was analyzed. Results showed that due to the increasing ratio of urban area from 9.69% to 24.25% from year 2003 to 2012, drainage modulus under design standards with return period of 20 years increased from 1.766 m3/(s·km2) to 2.808 m3/(s·km2), drainage modulus under design standards with return period of 30 years increased from 2.909 m3/(s·km2) to 4.197 m3/(s·km2), which showed that the resistibility of waterlogging was weakening. When drainage modulus reached the 1.766 m3/(s·km2), the drainage area can meet design standards with return periods of 20 years in 2003, but it can only satisfy design standards with return periods of about 15 years in 2012. When drainage modulus reached the 2.909 m3/(s·km2), the drainage area can meet design standards with return periods of 30 years in 2003, but it was not able to satisfy design standards with return periods of about 20 years in 2012, which showed that waterlogging control standards of the study area was reduced in the process of urbanization. The result of this study may provide a reference for computing drainage modulus and help determine a reasonable value of drainage modulus for drainage engineering design in tidal river networks of urbanized areas.

       

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