基于微小型无人机的遥感信息获取关键技术综述

    Key technology for remote sensing information acquisitionbased on micro UAV

    • 摘要: 近年来,基于微小型无人机的遥感信息获取技术广泛应用在农业领域。采用微小型无人机遥感信息平台获取农田作物信息,具有运行成本低、灵活性高以及获取数据实时快速等特点,是目前农田作物信息快速获取的主要方法之一,是精准农业发展的重要方向。该文主要对微小型无人机遥感技术平台的发展、遥感信息获取技术、遥感图像的处理与解析、以及微小型无人机遥感平台应用在作物信息监测和生产管理等方面进行了深入剖析,强调了遥感信息获取与解析技术的重要性和存在的问题,受微小型无人机飞行稳定性和载荷量的限制,如何实时快速准确地调整机载遥感传感器的姿态使被测目标始终处于监测视野中,并实现图像信息的远距离获取与传输,以及如何处理和解析无人机遥感系统获取高质量的遥感图像是微小型无人机遥感技术能否被广泛应用在各研究领域的关键技术。最后,提出了增强无人机飞行控制系统的高稳定性、遥感图像的精确获取及数据的实时传输和高精度的图像后处理方法,对作物信息监测技术的发展和应用具有重大意义,是实现大面积精准农业生产管理决策的重要依据。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The small size and low cost micro-UAV information acquisition technology platforms have been widely applied in agricultural field in recent years. It has become the inevitable trend of development of precision agriculture and has offered a fast and flexible way to acquire data for crop management and monitoring, capable of timely provision of high resolution images. The key technology for remote Sensing information acquisition based on micro UAV in the world, which includes the development of micro UAV remote sensing platforms, information acquisition technology, image processing, and analysis and application of crop management, is reviewed in this paper. Micro UAV mainly has two types: rotor helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. The rotor helicopter has been used more widely in acquiring information of the field, because it has the ability of taking off and landing vertically, fixed-point hovering, and slow cruising. Japan was the first country that has used the micro-UAV in agricultural production, and is one of the countries that has the best and most mature technologies in using remote UAV in agriculture today. The United States, Netherlands, Israel, and the United Kingdom also have a very good development all over the world. The beginning of research and development of micro UAV in China was much later than the other developed countries, but it has a booming development and grows rapidly. In this paper, parameters and characteristics of different models of the micro UAVs from eight companies in China have been listed for comparison. In remote sensing information acquiring systems, due to the limited load capacity of micro-UAV, digital camera and light-weight multispectral camera are two main instruments that are used on micro UAV for remote sensing information acquiring. How to adjust the posture of airborne remote sensors quickly and accurately so that the detecting target is always in the center of monitoring view, and how to realize remote controlling, image and information capturing, and transmission wirelessly are some of the focuses of UAV remote sensing technology at present. Limited by the stability and load capacity of the micro UAV, the remote sensing image always appears with the defects including a small view, large angle inclination, and serious irregular image overlap. So, solving the problem of correction, matching, mosaicing, fusing, and analyzing of the remote sensing images is one of the most important research work in this field. Nowadays, the main application of micro UAV focuses on the detection of growing nitrogen levels and the generation of fertilization strategy for rice, cotton, and other staple crops. However, the usage of micro UAV is limited due to the following defects: (1) its small size, making it easily influenced by wind, and short battery life; (2) poor accuracy of navigation system and balance control system; (3) serious leakage or reduplication of capturing images caused by the imprecise heading overlapping and routes bending; (4) difficulty of image correcting, matching, mosaicing, fusing, and analyzing for the remote sensing images; (5) the error of UAV equipment and usage is difficult to control. According the review, the further research on key technology focusing on high stability, big load capacity, long life time, and high resolution data for crop management have been proposed. The micro UAV information acquisition platform is a good complement of satellite and aerial remote sensing technologies for monitoring agricultural information and generating prescription maps for precision agriculture.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回