免耕播种机开沟圆盘水射流淬火工艺数值模拟及验证

    Numerical simulation and experimental verification on water impinging jet quenching process of no-till planter disc opener

    • 摘要: 针对免耕播种机开沟圆盘整体淬火后硬度不足且易翘曲变形的问题,该文提出一种水冲击射流淬火方法,利用DEFORM软件对开沟圆盘淬火过程中的硬度和翘曲变形量进行数值模拟,分析了射流阵列参数(喷嘴间距、喷嘴直径和射流速度)对淬火结果的影响,并对工艺参数的优选数值进行了试验验证,二者显示了较好的一致性。结果表明:喷嘴间距是关键工艺参数,当喷嘴间距取4~5 mm时,开沟圆盘可以整体淬透,硬度达到45~49 HRC。开沟圆盘的变形量与喷嘴间距呈抛物线关系,当喷嘴间距取5~6 mm时,变形量达到最大值1.80×10-2~3.30×10-2 mm,淬透后变形量较小。随射流速度的增大,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均增加,当射流速度为1~6 m/s时,增幅较大,当射流速度>6 m/s时,增幅趋缓。在喷嘴直径为4~12 mm范围内,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均随喷嘴直径加大而增加。优化后的工艺参数为:喷嘴间距为4~5 mm, 喷嘴直径为6~8 mm,射流速度为3~6 m/s;此时,开沟圆盘硬度可达45~49 HRC,变形量为1.28×10-2~2.49×10-2 mm。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The disk opener is the key part of no-tillage planter and belongs to the ultrathin component. The ratio of its diameter and thickness is over 100. It is prone to end up with large deformations during the quenching process. Thus, how to reduce the deformation through optimizing the quenching parameters under the premise of achieving martensite and high hardness property is both a meaningful and challenging subject. In this paper, a new method of water jet impingement was proposed to quench the disc opener. The finite element analysis software DEFORM had been utilized to simulate the water jet impingement quenching process of the disc opener and optimize the quenching parameters. The velocity of the jet current, nozzle diameter and nozzle spacing had been selected as the process parameters of water jet impingement quenching. The control variable method was used to analyze the influence of the quenching parameter. Five levels of each jet array parameter were designed and the influences on the disc opener's hardness and flatness were simulated by DEFORM. The results show that: The nozzle spacing exerts significant influence on hardness and deformation. With the decrease of the nozzle spacing, nozzles above the disc opener become dense. At the same time, the direct heat transfer area expands and the cooling speed enlarges to achieve high hardness. The disc opener can be fully hardened and achieve the highest hardness as nozzle spacing is 4-5 mm. On the other hand, with the increase of the nozzle spacing the cooling uniformity increases first and then decreases. The deformation shows a parabola relationship with nozzle spacing and the maximum deformation reaches 1.80×10-2-3.3×10-2 mm when nozzle spacing values are 5-6 mm; as the jet velocity and nozzle diameter increase, the cooling intensity and cooling speed are improved. The disc opener's hardness and deformation increase obviously with the rise of the jet velocity under various combinations of the nozzle diameter and nozzle spacing. But the increase is not obvious when the jet velocity exceeds 6 m/s; The disc opener's hardness and deformation show a sustainable growth at the value range (nozzle diameter is 4-12 mm) of the nozzle diameter. However, an oversize nozzle diameter can induce excessive water stagnated on the disc opener's surface. During the actual quenching process, increasing the water spray quantity merely cannot acquire a high heat transfer coefficient; it should be integrated with other economic evaluation to select the appropriate nozzle diameter. Finally, a set of devices for water jet impingement quenching has been designed in this research and it has been utilized to conduct the experiment to confirm the simulation results. Hardness and flatness are measured and the experiment results show good consistency with the numerical simulation. It indicates that it is feasible to simulate the water jet impingement quenching of the disc opener. Considering the simulation results and engineering reality, the optimized water jet parameters are: jet velocity is 3-6 m/s,nozzle diameter is 6-8 mm, nozzle spacing is 4-5 mm. Under these parameters, the hardness of the quenched disk opener is 45-49HRC and the flatness is 1.28×10-2-2.49×10-2 mm.

       

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