王 飞, 邱 凌, 沈玉君, 葛一洪, 候月卿. 华北地区饲料和畜禽粪便中重金属质量分数调查分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(5): 261-267. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.036
    引用本文: 王 飞, 邱 凌, 沈玉君, 葛一洪, 候月卿. 华北地区饲料和畜禽粪便中重金属质量分数调查分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(5): 261-267. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.036
    Wang Fei, Qiu Ling, Shen Yujun, Ge Yihong, Hou Yueqing. Investigation and analysis of heavy metal contents from livestock feed and manure in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(5): 261-267. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.036
    Citation: Wang Fei, Qiu Ling, Shen Yujun, Ge Yihong, Hou Yueqing. Investigation and analysis of heavy metal contents from livestock feed and manure in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(5): 261-267. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.036

    华北地区饲料和畜禽粪便中重金属质量分数调查分析

    Investigation and analysis of heavy metal contents from livestock feed and manure in North China

    • 摘要: 为加强重金属的源头控制,进一步形成农产品产地有机肥源重金属阻控体系,该文对华北地区畜禽饲料和粪便中重金属质量分数进行采样调查分析,结果表明,华北地区畜禽粪便超标以Cu、Zn为主,Pb、Cr和As次之,Cd、Ni和Hg不超标。各种畜禽粪便以猪粪和肉鸡粪的超标情况最为严重,肉牛粪、蛋鸡粪次之,奶牛粪不超标。猪粪的Cu、Zn超标率分别高达100%、91.67%,肉鸡粪主要以Cr、Cu、Zn污染为主,超标率分别为50%、66.67%和50%,而蛋鸡粪仅有Cu超标,超标率为11.11%。不同畜禽饲料中重金属的超标情况以猪饲料和肉牛饲料最为严重,肉鸡饲料及奶牛饲料次之。按照农业部1224公告对Cu、Zn的标准,猪饲料中Cu、Zn超标率为66.67%、80.00%,肉鸡饲料中Zn超标62.50%;按照饲料卫生标准对Cr、Pb的标准,肉牛中Cr、Pb超标83.33%、66.67%,奶牛饲料中Cr超标60.00%,蛋鸡饲料中Pb超标53.85%,不同畜禽饲料中Cd的质量分数均不超标。畜禽粪便中重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn的质量分数与饲料中重金属质量分数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Pb、As与饲料中重金属呈显著相关性(P<0.05)。该调查研究有助于掌握华北地区重金属饲料-畜禽粪便污染现状,揭示了对于畜禽粪便或有机肥的重金属超标问题应从源头控制。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: With the popularity of understanding of pollution-free agricultural products by the public, government pays much attention to the safe application of organic fertilizer during the agricultural production process. Manure is not only the main raw material of organic fertilizer, but also one of the important factors affecting the quality of agricultural products. Due to the intensive and large-scale of livestock farming rapid development, some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb are widely used in feed additives. The biological potency of these trace elements is low, and with the use of animal manure into the environment, brings potential environmental risks and hazards to human health. In order to strengthen the source control of heavy metal, and further form the heavy metal resistance control system for organic fertilizer of agricultural products, in this paper, the heavy metal content in livestock and poultry feed was sampled for investigation and analysis. The results showed that the mainly exceeded elements of heavy metal in the livestock were Cu, Zn. Heavy metals Pb, Cr, As followed, and Cd, Ni, Hg were not exceeded. The exceedance of these elements in pig manure and broile manure were the most serious for all kinds of animal manure, beef cattle manure and egg chicken manure followed, and the cow dung was not exceeded. The value of the exceeded rate of Cu, Zn for pig manure and broile manure were up to 100% and 91.67%, respectively. The mainly pollutants for broile were Cr, Cu, Zn, and the value of exceeded rate were 50%, 66.67%, and 50%, respectively, but the egg chicken manure only had Cu exceeded, exceeding the rate of 11.11%. Different livestock feed exceedances of heavy metals in pig feed and beef cattle feed werethe most serious, and broile feed and cow feed followed. According to the Ministry of Agriculture's 1224 announcement for the Cu, Zn standard, Cu and Zn in pig feed exceeded the rate of 66.67% and 80.00% respectively, and broile feed Zn exceeded 62.50%; According to the feed hygiene standards for Cr, Pb, heavy metals Cr and Pb in beef cattle exceeded 83.33% and 66.67%, Cr in cow feed exceeded 60%, Pb in egg chicken feed exceeded 53.85%, and Cd in different animal feeds were not exceeded. The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn in animal manure showed a significant positive correlation with livestock feed (P<0.01), and the content of Pb in animal manure showed a significant correlation with livestock feed (P<0.05). The research helps to grasp the North China heavy metal pollution status in feed-animal manure, revealing the problem for heavy metals exceeded in manure and organic fertilizer which should be controlled from the source. This research to further reduce heavy metal pollution in the region and to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural production has an important significance.

       

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