灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响

赵黎明; 李明; 郑殿峰; 顾春梅; 那永光; 解保胜

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.06.022

灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响

1.
东北农业大学农学院，哈尔滨 150030
2.
黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所，佳木斯154007
3.
黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，大庆 163319

基金项目: 国家十二五科技支撑计划项目"东北突发性灾害及其防控技术研究与示范"（2012BAD20B0402）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目"东北寒地稻区水稻精确定量栽培技术研究与示范"（201303102）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-01-17
- 修回日期: 2015-03-13
- 发布日期: 2015-03-14

Effects of irrigation methods and rice planting densities on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of matter production in cold area

1.
College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2.
Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Jiamusi Heilongjiang 154007, China
3.
College of Plant Science, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163319, China

摘要

摘要: 该研究旨在探讨灌溉方式与密度对水稻产量和光合物质生产特性的影响及其互作效应，这对指导水稻高产、高效栽培有重要意义。试验在大田条件下，以垦稻24为试验材料，设置重干湿交替灌溉（W1）、轻干湿交替灌溉（W2）和浅水灌溉（W3）3种灌溉处理及行株距为30 cm×10 cm（D1）、30 cm×12 cm（D2）和30 cm×14 cm（D3）3种密度水平，分析水密处理对寒地水稻产量形成和光合物质生产特性的影响。结果表明：各灌溉方式下，对干物质积累、光合物质生产、产量构成及产量的整体作用效果表现为W2＞W3＞W1，其中W2处理显著提高了水稻产量，增加了水稻千粒重和结实率，实际产量较W3和W1处理增幅分别为5.05%和27.89%；W2处理有效的控制了无效分蘖，明显提高成穗率，降低植株高度和倒3、4节间长度，但叶片生长速度慢于W3处理。各密度水平下，对抽穗后生物产量、茎鞘干物质运转以及最终籽粒产量的作用效果均以D2处理最佳；而D3处理的叶片生长快于D2和D1处理，并伴有增叶出现。灌溉方式与密度交互作用下，各水密处理对寒地水稻叶龄值、茎蘖数、成穗率、抽穗期粒叶比、干物质积累量、抽穗后茎鞘干物质转运和光合物质生产、产量构成及产量的影响均存在显著或极显著的互作效应，以轻干湿交替灌溉方式与行株距30 cm×10 cm密度组合（W2D1）效果最佳，与其它处理相比，实现了5.0～8.5%产量增幅，该处理组合的增产途径是粒叶比高，叶面积指数高，光合物质积累多，形成高质量群体；生育后期干物质积累量大，群体生长率和净同化率高，光合物质生产能力强，茎鞘物质输出与转运合理，具有较高的有效穗数、高结实率和高千粒重，最终籽粒产量高。综合分析表明，轻干湿交替灌溉方式与行株距30 cm×10 cm密度组合模式合模式更适合在目前寒地水稻高产、高效栽培中应用。
- 灌溉 /
- 光合 /
- 密度 /
- 寒地水稻 /
- 产量 /
- 物质生产特性
Abstract: Abstract: This research aims at discussing the influence of irrigation method and planting density on the rice yields in cold zone and production characteristics of photosynthetic substances, and the interaction effect, which has important meaning for the guidance of high yield of rice and high-efficiency cultivation. The experiment is carried out in the land for growing field crops, and takes Kendao 24 (A rice cultivar widely planted in rice production in china, which had high grain yield, extensive adaptability, and with growth duration of 130-135 days from sowing to maturity) as the experimental material. Deal the rice with three kind of irrigation method, heavy irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying (W1), light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying (W2) and irrigation with shallow water(W3), and the planting distance respectively adopts 30 cm×10 cm (D1), 30 cm×12 cm (D2), and 30 cm×14 cm (D3). It will analyze the influence of the water and density on the yield formation of rice and production characteristics of photosynthetic substances. The results show that the overall effects of each way of irrigation on the dry matter accumulation, production of photosynthetic substance, yield components and yield present W2＞W3＞W1. W2 treatment has greatly improved the rice yield, and increases the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice. Compared with W3 and W1 treatment, the actual yield respectively increased by 5.05% and 27.89%; W2 treatment has effectively controlled the ineffective tillering, greatly improved percentage of earbearing tiller, and reduced the height of plant and length of the third and forth internode from the top while the growth speed of blade is slower than W3 treatment. Under all the conditions of density, the one resulting in the best effect in biological yield after head sprouting, dry matter transmission in the stem-sheath and the final grain yield is D2 treatment; the blade under D3 treatment grows faster than D2 and D1 treatment, and new leaves will grow. Under the interaction of different ways of irrigation and densities, each kind of way of irrigation and density treatment will cause significant or extremely significant interaction effect on the leaf age, number of stem and tiller, percentage of earbearing tiller, ratio of grain-leaf during heading period, dry matter accumulation, dry matter transmission in stem-sheath after heading sprouting and production of photosynthetic substance, yield components, and yield. The best effect appears under the light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying and planting distance of 30 cm×10 cm（W2D1）. Compared with other treatments, it realizes the production increase by 5.0-8.5%, Yield increasing way of W2D1 treatment is achieved by the high ratio of grain-leaf, high leaf area index(LAI), more photosynthetic substance accumulation, high grain weight and harvest index, and the formation of high quality population; great dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage, high crop growth rate(CGR) and net assimilation rate(NAR), strong production capacity of photosynthetic substance, reasonable output and transmission of substances in stem-sheath, and great number of effective panicles, high 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate, which causing high grain yield. The comprehensive analysis shows that the treatments of light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying and planting distance of 30 cm×10 cm are more suitable for the cultivation of rice in cold zone with high yield and high efficiency.
- irrigation /
- photosynthesis /
- density /
- cold rice /
- yield /
- characteristics of material production

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参考文献(46)

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灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响

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Effects of irrigation methods and rice planting densities on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of matter production in cold area

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