Abstract: A comprehensive review of anaerobic treatment of organic wastes is presented in this paper in which the brilliant and deep clarification on biochemistry, microbiology, effect of partial pressure of hydrogen during the process of methanogenesis, digesters, and their start-up that are the key aspects on anaerobic bioconvertion of organic wastes to methane and carbon dioxide is given. Combining with a olt of experimental results, the theory and practice on anaerobic treatment of organic wastes in developed countries are summarized, It is benefit to increase the level of theory, scientific research, and practice in our country and come up to the advanced world standard in this field.