Abstract: This paper the evolution of the concept of soil buffer capacity, proposed a new concept, system to study soil pollution from soil buffering to pollutant. The factors affecting soil buffer capacity were discussed by measuring the buffer capacity of soil sampled in various bioclimatic zomes to metal elements Cu, Pb, Cd and F To quantify the relation ship between soil buffer capacity and its affecting factors, the buffer capacity of soil polluted at different extents to cadmium was determined under different pH values, clay particle particle content, calcium carbonate comtent, organic matter and humic acid content. At the same time, the uptake capacity of soil to cadmium as well as the composition and properties of complex cadmium were analysed to evaluate the factors affecting soil buffer capacity. By performing a cooprehensive experiment on buffer capacity of soil to cadmium and path analysis, direct or indirect effects of each factor on buffer capacity of soils to cadmium were determined, In studying the mechanism, andynamic absorption experiment of soil to Cd was carried out to analyse the relationship between average buffering capacity and time. As a result, a scientific criteria for protection, adjustment and prediction of soil pollution was provided.