Abstract: The primary aquatic ecological factors, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) ,pH and NH₃-N etc. were first analysed on Tilapia in aquaculture. Based on this, water quality of pond culture was tested and studied on hot spring water in aquaculture in Xiao Tang Shan Aquatic Product Cultivate Factory. The reason for water quality becoming worse was pointed out and also measures to be taken for improving the water quality under the present mode of aquaculture. The paper provides a few theoretical methods and experimental basis for scientific management of pond water quality.