施肥和秸秆覆盖对旱地作物水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Application and Mulch Strawon Water Use Efficiency of Crops in Dryland

摘要: １９９２～１９９５年，在陕西省合阳旱地进行了施肥和秸秆覆盖对冬小麦、春向日葵水分利用效率影响试验。结果表明，在一定的施肥范围内，肥水表现为互促协同效应，作物的水分利用效率随着施肥量的增加而提高，试验条件下，冬小麦水分利用效率增加１４．９％～５７．５％。秸秆覆盖能抑制土壤蒸发，增强作物蒸腾，从而提高作物水分利用效率，在旱地推广合理施肥和秸秆覆盖技术是提高作物产量的有效途径。

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in Heyang, Shaanxi Province from 1992 to 1995 to study the effects of fertilizer application and mulch straw on water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat and spring sunflowers. The results showed that the WUE increased with the amount of fertilizer applied within a certain range of fertilizer application. Mulch straw could increase WUE by reducing soil evaporation and increasing crop transpiration. The yield could be increased by using the technique of rational fertilizer application and mulch straw in dryland.