Abstract: Limited water supply is becoming the obstacle for sustainable development in Jilin Province. To make full use of water, this paper makes an inputoutput analysis on the effects of water resource utilization in Jilin Province. The result shows that agriculture is a big water consumption sector but in low efficiency, besides, the export of agricultural products means vast water outflow. To ensure the increasing grains demand and solve the “bottleneck” problems hindering the Provinces economic development caused by water shortage, the best solution suggested is to devote major efforts to developing watersaving agriculture in the near future.