Abstract: Water and fertilizer are two important factors that affect crop yield. Proper irrigation and fertilization is the main method to increase production. A fieldstudy on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer for peanut by adopting sprinkler irrigation was carried out. The different irrigation and fertilizer treatments that affect the yield of peanut, water consumption and nitrogen transportation were discussed. A mathematical formula that reflects the relationship between the yield of peanut and the amount of irrigation and fertilizer was established. A suitable plan irrigation moisture layer depth was also presented.