Abstract: The influence factors of the air suction cylinder rice seeder were analyzed on the suction and seed performance in this paper. A type of air suction two layer ones was designed and manufactured. Experiments showed that the newly designed two layer structural rice seeder efficiently solved the sucker jam problem of air suction seeder, and its suction and seeding performances were greatly improved. The optimal parameters of cylinder to meet the seed performance were made as follows: inner layer sucker's diameter is ?4.0 mm, outer ones ?1.2 mm and its thickness 0.02 mm.