Abstract: According to the problem and the prominent contradiction that are faced by ecological construction of agriculture in upper & middle reaches of Yangtze river, the aim at improving the ecological environment and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture, the breakthrough point as exploiting and harnessing the key area, the constructions keep with limits to increasingly degenerate advance and trend of ecological environment of agriculture and carry forward the total course of harnessing envrionment step by step in the area. The ecological construction of agriculture is combined with the increasing compositive productive forces of agriculture, promoting the rural economical development and raising the living quality of peasants. It is adjusted measures to the local conditions, given prominences to the key points and carried into execution to the measures progressively. The ecological environment of agriculture and the principal condition of agricltural production is radically improved by four projects of comprehensive harnessing construction, which is terraced field changed from sloping field, returning steep slope farmland to forests, fruit & grass, the lawn of “three change” harnessed and rural energy reproducted & economized etc. The construction protects and utilize reasonables land resources, build an elegant landscape on the earth of china once again.