Abstract: The fundamental structure, performances and application of energy saving solar greenhouse and its development in China were introduced briefly in this paper. The optimal design of structure for this type of greenhouse was introduced emphatically, such as the geometrical dimension of various parameters of construction structure, the inclination and shape of the lighting surface, the structure of wall body, the structure of back roof and its elevation angle and projection, the outside heat preservation covering materials and the measure of controlling the environment, etc. At the same time, the advances of theoretical research were introduced too, such as the mathematical model of solar radiation, heat, air moisture, soil temperature and mechanics. All of these advances of theoretical research provided basis for the optimal structural design of greenhouse.