Abstract: The paper is based on the system analysis of the relationship among rural energy, rural economy, environment and the situation of the energy ecology system in the county. The author took Yichang country as an example to design a structure model of the county of Yichang Energy Ecology Engineering Development System (EEEDS). Then using the System Dynamics (SD), a SD model of Energy Ecology Engineering Development System was established and the trend of the EEEDS in the situation of the market-oriented economy after 30 years was studied. Dynamic state of the system was observed. Dynamic results were obtained: small hydropower station and biogas and promoting efficiency of heat were greatly developed. Percentage which fuel forest and straw are supplied for energy is reduced from 54.73% to 34.06%, organic matter of soil is increased from 1.20 g/kg to 2.06 g/kg, the percentage of forest cover is raised from 32.3% to 60.6% in Yichang County after 30 years. The benefit of energy and ecology is simultaneously increased.