Abstract: In the light of the defects of shrinkage, collapse and deformation occurred on the microstructure of the leaf and flower surfaces during the electron-microscopicod preparation of peony tissue, the sercral treatment methods of fixing, dehydrating and drying in the sample preparation are comparatively studied. A perfect pretreatment method is obtained. The fresh peony stems, leaves and flowers were examined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The relationship between the microstructure and the drying characteristics of the peony is analyzed based on the observation with SEM and the freeze-drying experimental results, which provides experimental basis for researching dying flowers.