Abstract: The experiments were conducted on two mulching methods on the Loess Plateau farmland, considering the dry land sustainable farming principle. The results show that the plastic-film mulching technique can result in higher soil moisture and yield within a short period; however, for a long term, this technique will result in lower soil fertilizer soil water contents, as well as lower yield. On the slope land, plastic-film mulching will increase the loss of soil and water. The other problem resulting from plastic-film mulching is the residual mulch. However, the straw mulching can increase the contents of organic and soil water. It will result in a good cycle of sustainable development of arid land farming.