Abstract: On the basis of analyzing the shortages of scale of the traditional AHP, a new scale base by translation function and conciliation coefficient, which reflects the principle of reward and punishment and the principle of rationalization, was proposed. An AHP using this new scale, in which the consistency of judgment matrix was identical with that of the traditional AHP, was set up. The improved AHP, being more efficient and reasonable, was applied to estimate the synthesis capabilities of an agricultural transportation tractor. Some key factors influencing the synthesis capabilities of an agricultural transportation tractor, such as performance of engine, prices, service condition and service qualities, were attained. This study provided an effective methodology for a valid evaluation of agricultural transportation tractor synthesis capability.