不同生育期遮荫条件下番茄矿质氮的分配效应

    Allocation effects of mineral nitrogen in tomato plants under shading conditions at different growth stages

    • 摘要: 光合有效辐射是影响作物生长发育、产量构成以及营养状况的重要因子。由于遮荫造成的光照强度的降低经常引起干物质积累的减少和营养状况的下降。然而,在夏季晴天中午遮荫并不总是导致营养状况的降低。该文以番茄为材料,观测了不同生长阶段(开花早期,盛花期和开花后期)夏季午间遮荫(0遮荫,40%遮荫和75%遮荫)对矿质氮在番茄各器官中的含量及其分配的影响,发现不同时期影响不同。遮荫不影响开花早期和盛花期叶片氮的含量及其分配。但开花后期,40%遮荫使叶氮含量增加,叶、茎、茬中氮的分配指数高于开花早期和盛花期,并且产量增加。这些结果表明,在某些时期中度遮荫可以克服夏天辐射过强、气温过高对番茄的不良影响,有利于改善番茄氮素营养状况和提高经济产量,在生产中有一定意义。

       

      Abstract: PAR (photosynthetic active radiation) is an important factor affecting crop growth, yield and nutrition status. The decrease in light density caused by shading often reduces dry-matter mass and nutrition status. But shading at the summer midday may not always cause decrease in nutrition status. The effects of three levels of shading (0, 40% and 75% shading) ratio on the nitrogen allocation in tomato plants were investigated at three growth stages [early flowering (EF), peak flowering (PF) and late flowering (LF) stages]. Different effects caused by shading at different growth stages were found: Shading had no effect on the leaf N contents and N allocation index (NAI) at the EF and PF stages, while the leaf N contents and the NAI of leaf, stem and stubble tissues at the LF stage were higher than those at the EF and PF stages under 40%-shaded conditions, and higher yield was gained. The results suggested that the adverse influences caused by high irradiation and high temperatures could be overcome and a good nutrition status, higher yield also could be obtained if some moderate shading was applied at the LF stage during the summer midday time.

       

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