Abstract: This paper analyzed agricultural mechanization system of rice production using full mechanization (riding type) series and semi-mechanization (walking type) series. Effective field capacity, coverage area, operational cost, cost index, etc. were analyzed, including the land tilling, seedling transplanting, crop protection, chemical application and harvesting operation. Total machinery utilization cost per hectare for each farm work was also presented. On the basis of analysis of agricultural mechanization system of rice production of Japan, a rational proposal to the development of agricultural mechanization of China was made. Financial analysis results show that agricultural mechanization development of China can not directly copy the way of Japan, and agricultural mechanization of China can only be realized step by step.