基于SPAC理论的田间腾发量计算模式

    Evapotranspiration model based on SPAC theory

    • 摘要: 基于SPAC理论,从能量平衡方程与空气动力学方程出发,提出了根据气象条件、作物长势与土壤表面温湿度估计田间腾发量的计算模式。该方法假定作物叶片表面饱和并进行线性化处理,同时给出土壤表面水汽压的经验表达,通过冠层模型的求解可以分别计算出作物蒸腾量、棵间蒸发量与腾发量。利用土壤水分运动数值计算的结果,验证了该方法的可靠性。此外,还分析了该方法与Penman模式、Shuttleworth-Wallace模式之间的联系。由于模型所需的输入均可以通过常规的田间观测获得,该方法在生产与科研实践中具有一定的应用价值。

       

      Abstract: In the research of water-crop, it is important to estimate the evapotranspiration exactly. Based on SPAC (Soil—Plant—Atmosphere Continuum) theory, one academic model to estimate evapotranspiration is introduced. By this model, evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration can be calculated by the data of weather, such as air temperature, vapour, radiation, wind speed and the sunlight, and crop(such as Leave Area Index, height and leave width) and soil surface (moisture and temperature) factors. In this model, the vapour of the vegetable stoma is assumed as saturated vapour and the vapour of the soil surface is gained by the experiential method. Through the soil water transfer model, the method can be validated by comparing the calculation and the examination of the soil water. The analyses indicate that the evapotranspiration have close relation with the soil and the crop, except for the weather, and the Leaf Area Index influence the proportion of the soil evaporation. Moreover, it can be proved that this model accords with the Penman Model and the Shuttleworth-Wallace Model in substance. Since all the input data can be gained in the field experimentation, this model can be applied widely.

       

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