Abstract: China has been facing serious water shortage problems that caused great economic and environmental losses. The attention should be paid and the development of China's dryland farming should be emphasized on. So it is important to develop the new technologies and practices and to search the new joint-point between improving dryland productivity and protection of the ecological environment. This paper mainly introduced current situation of China's dryland farming development and discussed major practices. In the future, the research and development should focus on how to generalize the practices according to the situation of dryland farming of China, which will benefit the sustainable agricultural development of the semiarid and arid regions in China.