Abstract: The status quo of agricultural residues was analyzed. As pollutants have four characteristics of huge quantities, bad qualities, low price and excessive danger. As resources have four application practices, namely, biomass energy, fertilizer, feed and biomaterial. The analysis shows that the potential as fertilizer and energy is huge. However, there are some limited factors and technical bottleneck in the future. In combination with socioeconomic developmental objectives, the developing strategy and strategical emphases for the resources of agricultural residues were presented. The direction is to develop Eco-Agriculture and Cyc-Economy, which depend on the policy guidance, technical support and investment to promote agricultural residues used as resource in the future.