淀粉黏结剂对颗粒有机复混肥养分释放的影响

    Effect of starch adhesive on nutrient release of organic compound granulated fertilizer

    • 摘要: 以自制的两种淀粉基黏结剂作为有机复混肥造粒黏结剂,以无机黏结剂硅酸钠为对照处理,以废物堆肥和市售无机化肥作为原料,经圆盘造粒获得3种不同颗粒有机复混肥。3种有机复混肥颗粒平均抗压碎力都达到了中国国家标准(≥6 N)的要求;无机黏结剂C颗粒经24 h的水浸泡后,其崩解率为6.1%;而A和B淀粉黏结剂颗粒保持完好,崩解率为0。通过168 h养分溶出试验发现,有机黏结剂A和B能明显降低颗粒肥中营养元素的释放速率;PVA(聚乙烯醇)改性淀粉黏结剂B作为有机复混肥造粒黏结剂,能明显延缓颗粒肥中NH+4-N、全氮、全磷和全钾释放速率。虽然黏结剂A比黏结剂B延缓颗粒肥无机养分释放的效果差,但与无机黏结剂C相比,其延缓颗粒肥无机养分释放速率的效果要好的多。试验结果表明:用改性淀粉黏结剂作为有机复混肥造粒黏结剂,可以同步实现对速溶无机养分的控制释放,也为新型非包膜控施肥的研制和开发提供新的思路和参考。

       

      Abstract: A mineral binder Na2SiO3 and two starch adhesives synthesized by the method of chemical engineering were used as granulation binders of organic compound fertilizer, which was made up of waste compost and chemical fertilizers. Last, three different organic compound granulated fertilizers were obtained by way of disc granulation. Their granulars of resistance forces to crushing all reached the require of China National Standards (≥6 Newton). After 24 hours′ wet steep, the granular disintegration rate of mineral binder (C) was 6.1%; whereas the granule of starch adhesives (A and B) remained sound and their granular disintegration rates were 0. Through 168 hours′ nutrient release test, the result showed that the organic adhesive A and B were able to distinctly slow the release of nutritive elements in granule fertilizer. Especially the starch adhesive B modified with PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) was able to distinctly delay the release speed of NH+4-N, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total kalium in granule fertilizer. Adhesive B was the best in the three granulation binders to delay promptly soluble nutrient release, A was the second and the last was C. The experiment results also showed that the modified starch adhesive was able to control promptly soluble inorganic nutrient release synchronously. This method provides a reference and new thought to develop new non-envelope controlled release fertilizer.

       

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