烟草种子超干燥贮藏及其相关技术研究

    Ultra-dry preservation of tobacco seeds and its correlative technology

    • 摘要: 为最大限度地延长烟草种子寿命,妥善保存烟草种质资源,防止种质资源失传,自1994年以来,先后开展了一系列烟草种子超干燥保存及相关技术研究工作。一是采用不同的干燥剂、干燥剂与种子的不同比例对不同类型的烟草种子进行超干燥处理,即把烟草种子含水率降低到5%以下的超干燥水平,初步查明不同处理的烟草种子在超干燥过程中水分降低和种子活力变化规律,由此推算出烟草种子超干燥保存最佳含水率为1.5%~2.5%。同时也验证了大量烟草种子适合于超干燥处理和保存。二是采用种子活力年平均降低值的3种方法预测了1978~1995年采收的34份烟草种子的贮藏寿命,表明烟草种子在超干燥条件下可保存25年以上。三是把超干燥的种子放在不同的温度和湿度条件下贮藏,最适合的贮藏条件是4℃,其次是-8℃,再次是在室温下的干燥器内保存,在常温的室内或高温(温室)下保存一年后就完全丧失活力。通过对1979~2000年采收的种子苗期和大田期的主要性状观察试验,没有发现超干燥保存的烟草种子有遗传变异。采用上述技术,已成功地保存了1500多份烟草种质资源,并探索出延长烟草种子寿命和安全贮藏的新技术。

       

      Abstract: The objective of the research project is to concentrate on how to prolong the lifetime of tobacco seeds as long as possible, especially to preserve tobacco germplasm resources safely, and yet to prevent them from vanishing away. From 1994 on, a series of ultra-dry preservation and its correlative technology have been preliminarily identified. First, the moisture content of tobacco seed dropped below 5%, at an ultra-dried level, with different desiccants and different proportions between desiccants and seeds as well as different kinds of tobacco seeds, the disciplinarian of moisture content dropping, the disciplinarian of seed vigor change in ultra-dry process have been proved preliminarily in different treatments, and the optimal moisture content for tobacco seed within 1.5%~2.5% was also inferred. At the same time, the fact that a large number of tobacco seeds are suitable for ultra-dry preservation has been verified. Second, the average lifetime of tobacco seeds collected from 1979 to 1995 was predicted more than 25 years using three kinds of methods according to the average of the seed vitality dropping per year. Third, keeping a good preservation of ultra-dried tobacco seed, 4℃ is the best choice, and -8℃ is better, and it can also be stored in its original drier, but should avoid being preserved in natural or high temperature environment. The genetic variability for the most of seeds collected from 1979 to 2000 has not been observed in the period of seedbed or field. With the help of the series of technologies, more than 1500 tobacco germplasm resources have been stored successfully, thus the new technology for prolonging tobacco seed lifetime as well as for long-term, safe and effective preservation has been further probed.

       

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