Abstract: This paper expounds that one of the targets of land rehabilitation is to improve the ecological environment by a series of protection measures. The potential environmental problems resulted from land rehabilitation, including the virgin land reclamation, land restoration, integrated consolidation of the existing farmland, are analyzed. In order to not only protect ecological environments, but also increase arable land areas, the land restoration and the integrated and optimized use of arable land resources should be the important work in the land rehabilitation. And virgin land should be reclamated under the proper conditions of scientific and reasonable evaluation. The paper also puts forward an opinion that the ecological environment impact evaluation is helpful to improve the ecological environmental protection during land rehabilitation process. The study result is helpful to highlight the ecological protection awareness and it can provide references for the decision making of macroscopic management in the land rehabilitation.