Abstract: The comparative trials of the effects of applying EM biological-organic fertilizer, common compost, chemical fertilizer and non-applied fertilizer(CK) in ten years on winter wheat production were conducted. The results showed that the yields of EM biological-organic fertilizer treatments were 8.4%～8.9% higher than those of common compost treatments, and 17.2%～32.4% higher than the yields of chemical fertilizer treatments. The main causes resulted in the yield differences are as follows: the rapid availability of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in soil applied EM biological-organic fertilizer was raised significantly, which increased the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium nutrient content in stem, leaf blade and ear, and then improved the organism function. The chlorophyll content and rate of photosynthesis of functional leaf blade were raised. The strengthened photosynthesis increased the plant dry matter content, and therefore, it was higher than other treatments by 1.5%～194.2% at booting stage. All of which help to raise the mean grain-filling rate by 6.6%～16.4%. In addition, on quality respect, the crude protein content of winter wheat was raised by 4.9%～19.9%. To sum up, the yield could be raised, and the quality could also be improved effectively applying EM biological-organic fertilizer for a long-term.