Abstract: The mechanics of sugarcane stalks is the basis of developing its material model and constitutive equation under different loads. In the paper, torsion tests have been conducted for the variety "Gulin-1", using the torsion test equipment. Compression tests have also been conducted, for the same variety, using universal hydraulic test equipment. It is found that the sugarcane stalks have the failure form of axial direction crack under torsion load, and flections and axial direction crack under compressive load. For the variety "Guilin-1", the average of the shear modulus and shear strength are 10.82 MPa and 0.45 MPa, respectively. The average of compressive strength at the first, second, and third segment are 14.47 MPa, 9.93 MPa, and 8.24 MPa respectively. Tensile strength of the stalk barks in axial and radial direction are respectively 47.02 MPa and 2.57 MPa. After peeled, those are respectively 6.71 MPa and 1.34 MPa.